In this presentation we will discuss about instruction of democracy. History of democracy Key principles of democracy its challenges and future of democracy in Pakistan.

1. Democracy of Pakistan
WELCOME
TO OUR PRESENTATION
Course Title Technical & Report Writing
Presented by :Munawar Hussain
Presentation Topic is :

2. Table of contents
Historical context and
Evolution democracy in
Pakistan.
Key principle and
institutions of democracy
in Pakistan.
Challenges and progress
of democracy in Pakistan.
Future outlook and
Recommendations for
democracy in Pakistan.
01
03
02
04
Introduction Key Principles
Challenges Future Outlook

3. Introduction
Democracy is a political system that grants people the power to
participate in the political decision-making process through electoral
rights. It is a system based on the principles of fundamental rights,
freedoms, and equality. In democratic systems, the people govern the
nation, and political decisions are made through the process of elections.

4. 01
The historical context of democracy in Pakistan is complex and has been
marked by periods of military rule, political instability, and struggles
for democratic governance. Pakistan gained independence from
British colonial rule in 1947, and the country's founder, Muhammad
Ali Jinnah, envisioned a democratic and inclusive state. However,
political turmoil and power struggles plagued the early years of
Pakistan's history.

5. The phases of democracy in Pakistan
can be broadly categorized as follows:
1. Early Democratic Phase (1947-1958):
Pakistan gained independence in 1947, and its first
Constitution was adopted in 1956. - The Muslim League
and its successor, the Pakistan Muslim League (PML),
dominated the political scene. - Political instability,
constitutional crises, and the assassination of Prime
Minister Liaqat Ali Khan marked this period.
2. Military Rule (1958-1971):
In 1958, General Ayub Khan seized power in a military
coup and suspended the constitution. - Ayub Khan
introduced the "Basic Democracy" system, which
concentrated power in his hands. - General Yahya
Khan took over in 1969 and oversaw the violent
secession of East Pakistan (Bangladesh) in 1971.

6. The phases of democracy in Pakistan
can be broadly categorized as follows:
3. Bhutto Era (1971-1977):
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the President of Pakistan in
1971 and later Prime Minister. - Bhutto introduced
several reforms, including nationalization of industries
and land reforms. - Accusations of authoritarianism and
political repression marred Bhutto's tenure.
4. Zia-ul-Haq's Regime (1977-1988):
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq seized power in a
military coup in 1977. - Zia-ul-Haq introduced
Islamization measures and curtailed civil liberties. -
The regime witnessed the execution of Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto in 1979.

7. The phases of democracy in Pakistan
can be broadly categorized as follows:
5. Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments
(1988-1999):
Following Zia-ul-Haq's death in 1988, Pakistan
transitioned to democracy. - Benazir Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto's daughter, became the first female Prime
Minister. - Political instability, corruption allegations, and
clashes with the military characterized this period. -
Nawaz Sharif, from the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz
(PML-N), also served as Prime Minister twice during this
phase.
6. Military Rule and Transition (1999-2008):
General Pervez Musharraf staged a military coup in
1999 and assumed power. - Musharraf's rule saw a
hybrid form of governance with a mix of military and
civilian rule. - In 2008, Musharraf faced widespread
protests, and democratic elections were held.

8. The phases of democracy in Pakistan
can be broadly categorized as follows:
6. Military Rule and Transition (1999-2008):
General Pervez Musharraf staged a military coup in
1999 and assumed power. - Musharraf's rule saw a
hybrid form of governance with a mix of military and
civilian rule. - In 2008, Musharraf faced widespread
protests, and democratic elections were held.
5. Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments
(1988-1999):
Following Zia-ul-Haq's death in 1988, Pakistan
transitioned to democracy. - Benazir Bhutto, Zulfikar
Ali Bhutto's daughter, became the first female Prime
Minister. - Political instability, corruption allegations,
and clashes with the military characterized this period.
- Nawaz Sharif, from the Pakistan Muslim League-
Nawaz (PML-N), also served as Prime Minister twice
during this phase.

9. The phases of democracy in Pakistan
can be broadly categorized as follows:
7. Contemporary Period (2008-present):
The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) won the 2008
elections, leading to a civilian government. - The PPP-
led government faced challenges of governance,
corruption, and political instability. - Subsequent
governments, including those led by Nawaz Sharif's
PML-N and Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI),
have alternated in power. - Democracy in Pakistan has
seen strengthening of institutions, increased media
freedom, and activism of the judiciary. - However,
challenges of political polarization, corruption, and
military influence persist. It's important to note that these
phases are not rigidly defined, and there have been
overlapping and transitional periods within Pakistan's
democratic history.

10. 02
Pakistan has established several institutions to uphold and promote
democratic governance within the country. These institutions include:

11. key principle of democracy
Parliament:
The Parliament of Pakistan consists of two houses, the National Assembly (lower
house) and the Senate (upper house). Members of Parliament are elected through
general elections and are responsible for making laws, representing the interests of
the people, and providing oversight of the executive branch.
Executive Branch:
The President of Pakistan, elected by an electoral college comprising members
of both houses of Parliament and provincial assemblies, is the head of state. The
Prime Minister, elected by members of the National Assembly, is the head of
government and exercises executive powers.

12. key principle of democracy
Judiciary:
The judiciary in Pakistan is independent and serves as a check on the executive and
legislative branches. The Supreme Court of Pakistan is the highest judicial authority in
the country. It ensures the rule of law, protects fundamental rights, and resolves
disputes between various branches of government and among different tiers of
government.
Election Commission:
The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) is responsible for conducting free,
fair, and transparent elections at various levels, including national, provincial,
and local. It ensures the electoral process is conducted in accordance with the
law and provides a level playing field for all political parties and candidates.

13. key principle of democracy
Provincial Assemblies
Pakistan is a federation with four provinces, each having its own provincial assembly.
These assemblies have legislative powers and are responsible for making laws on
matters devolved to the provinces.
Local Government Institutions:
Pakistan also has a system of local government institutions, such as municipalities
and union councils, which are responsible for addressing local issues and
providing services at the grassroots level.

14. 03
Pakistan faces several challenges in its democratic journey. Some
of the key challenges include:

15. key challenges
Military Influence
The military has historically played a significant role in Pakistan's politics, directly or
indirectly influencing decision-making processes. The military's involvement can
undermine the civilian government's authority and hinder the development of a strong
democratic culture
Political Instability
Pakistan has experienced frequent political instability with a history of
military interventions, coup d'etats, and dismissals of elected
governments. This instability undermines the continuity and
consolidation of democratic institutions and processes.

16. key challenges
Extremism and Terrorism
Pakistan has faced significant challenges from extremism and terrorism, which can
undermine democratic values, restrict civil liberties, and disrupt the electoral process.
These threats pose a major challenge to democratic stability and the rule of law
Weak Institutions
Democratic institutions in Pakistan often suffer from inefficiency,
corruption, and lack of capacity. This weakens their ability to provide
effective governance, deliver public services, and ensure accountability.

17. key challenges
Lack of Civic Education
Limited civic education and awareness about democratic values and processes
can impede the development of an informed and engaged citizenry. This
hinders active participation in democratic processes and weakens the
democratic fabric of the country.
Corruption
Corruption is a persistent challenge in Pakistan, affecting both the public
and private sectors. Corruption erodes public trust in democratic
institutions, hampers economic development, and undermines the rule of
law.

18. 04
The future of democracy in Pakistan holds both challenges and
opportunities. While the path ahead may not be without obstacles,
there are several factors that offer potential for a positive outlook:

19. Youth Participation
Pakistan has a significant youth population, and their
engagement in political and civic affairs can shape
the future of democracy. Young people are
increasingly expressing their voices, advocating for
change, and seeking opportunities for political
representation.
Strengthening Institutions
Efforts to strengthen democratic institutions, such as the judiciary, election
commission, and local governance structures, can contribute to the consolidation of
democratic processes. Improving the capacity, independence, and effectiveness of
these institutions is essential for ensuring a robust democratic system.
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20. To strengthen democracy in Pakistan and improve its
outlook, several suggestions can be considered:
Civil-Military Relations:
Foster a healthy and balanced civil-military relationship, ensuring that the military
operates within its constitutionally defined role, and civilian governments have the
authority and space to make policy decisions. Strengthen civilian control over the
military to prevent undue influence in political affairs.
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21. Fundamental Rights
Safeguard fundamental rights and freedoms,
including freedom of expression, assembly, and
association. Uphold the rights of minorities, women,
and marginalized groups to ensure an inclusive and
pluralistic democracy.
Strengthen Local Governance
Empower and strengthen local government institutions to address local issues and
provide effective governance at the grassroots level. Encourage citizen participation in
local decision-making processes.
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22. Media Freedom
Safeguard and promote media freedom as a crucial
pillar of democracy. Protect journalists' rights, ensure
a diverse and independent media landscape, and
promote responsible journalism
Socioeconomic Development
Address socioeconomic disparities and poverty by focusing on inclusive development
policies. Enhance access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities,
particularly in marginalized areas, to reduce inequalities and promote social cohesion.
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23. THANK YOU