Andrea Palladio was an influential Italian architect from the 16th century Renaissance period. Some of his most famous works include villas like the Villa Rotonda, as well as churches. The Villa Rotonda's symmetrical circular design with a temple facade on each side had a profound influence on Neoclassical architecture. Palladio's emphasis on classical principles of symmetry, proportion, and harmony with nature established him as one of the founders of Palladian architecture, which remained popular for centuries and spread his ideals across Europe and America.

1. .
History of architecture
Name : Mulubrhan aregawi
ID: uu90605R

2. ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE

3. Andrea palladio biography
• Andrea Palladio, born as Andrea di Pietro della Gondola,
was an Italian architect who lived from 1508 to 1580. He
is widely recognized as one of the most influential figures
in the history of Western architecture.
• Palladio was born in Padua, Republic of Venice, and
initially trained as a stonemason. However, his passion for
architecture led him to study the works of ancient Roman
architects and Renaissance architects such as Leon
Battista Alberti. These studies greatly influenced his
architectural style.

4. ANDREA PALLODIO BUILDING
palladian Basilica
Church of san giorgio
chiea del santissimo
villa rotune

5. VILLA ROTUNDA

6. VILLA ROTUNDA
• Architect
• Adrea Palladio
• Built in
• 1567–1570
• Location
• Vicenza, Italy
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7. location

8. Introduction
.Of all the villages Venetian Renaissance architect Palladio
(Andrea di Pietro della Gondola) does in the countryside of
Vicenza, it called the Villa Rotonda (Capra town or village-
Valmarana Capra) is the most famous.It was built between the
years 1567 – 1570, in an ideal landscape, built as a mansion
Vatican official called Paolo Almere, after exercising a series of
positions in the service of Pope Pius IV and Pius V, he returned
to Vicenza, charged money.Your name, Rotunda (round),
derives from its plan, a perfect circle inside a square, forming a
fully symmetrical composition, with a traditional temple gate in
front of each facade.After the death of the architect in 1580, the
new owners, the family Capra Vicenzo Samozzi commissioned
the construction of new units.
.

9. Cont
• In the twentieth century was bought and restored by
the family Valmarana Venice.
• The influence of the architect was particularly
important in England and, through it, in the United
States, where the Neopalladianismo last until nearly
the final years of the nineteenth century, especially in
the houses of the south. For its simplicity and sleep is
also a source of inspiration for many neoclassical
architects who will be regarded as a key reference in
civilian buildings.
.

10. Concept
• The work is inspired in terms of functionality and
building the model in Phanteon Roman medieval
painting with elements influenced by the power of the
church, where God is the center of everything in the
world and life.
• Get the harmony between architecture and landscape,
between civilization and nature, the greatest inspiration
of Venetian Cinquecento.
.

11. Stylistic analysis
• The play is at the time of the Italian Cinquecento, when the church
decided to take control of the arts, with the change in the discipline of
capital from Florence to Rome, where the highest concentration of
religious authority on earth, as most significant.In the case of Villa
Capra, specifically commissioned by a clergyman, are represented on
various allegories to religious life.The house itself is a suburban
residence that served as a meeting place for the aristocracy in the
region of Vicenza and the celebration of leisure activities – for the
literary class.Usually this kind of used to have a role not only
residential, but agriculture. Despite this, Villa Rotonda lacked this
feature, but with the acquisition of it by the family Capra was
commissioned Vincenzo Scamozzi plan immediate inclusion of new
units to facilitate this need.
.

12. Dome
• In the dome, first, we represented religion, kindness,
moderation and Chastity, this represented the side of
the Pantocrator, which occupies the center of the
representation.
• It is a version of which we can see in the Pantheon in
Rome. It is one of the first times that a plant can be
seen in a central dome construction. So far been used
only for religious buildings, so Palladium was a very
powerful model that was copied later. He even included
it in his treatise on architecture, The Four Books of
Architecture.
.

13. • Classic
• A large central staircase like a Roman temple serves
as access. The temples used to safeguard the classical
temple of water and geographic barriers.What are the
most representative galleries with a pronaos with Ionic
columns, entablature and thin in its top decorated with
classical sculptures, all reinvented the classic art. This
pattern is repeated in the four walls that are preceded
by a grand staircase.All sides have the same schedule
so we can talk about a double symmetry.In addition, the
building was rotated 45 degrees with respect to the
cardinal points for each stay had lighting.
.

14. • Rooms
• We might consider the room west wing is called
“Room of Religion,” precisely the type of
representation of the frescoes painted on the ceiling,
while the east wing of the room is represented by
Paolo Almerico allegory about repentance, crowned
by the celebrity and surrounded by high fidelity,
kindness, persuasion and even Europe, a symbol of
respect to God and reason to it.
.

15. Plan
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16. Section
.
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17. Elevation
. .

18. Function Analysis
• The villa Rotunda more than a villa is a suburhan
palace ,it escapes the kind of classification of the
villa-farm,which is the most common type of palladian
villa as there are no palace reserved for agriculture
work
.

19. Distribution organization of space
• the villa is spread over three floors
communicating with the central hall in which
we find the dome which were reveiwed during
the construction of the building. a fourth floor
connects to the basement of the four entires
.

20. Horizontal and Vertical paths
• The vertical paths highlighted
in blue are represented by an
outside staircase that enable
communication between the
building and the exterior and
interior stairs that connect the
four floors . Horizontal paths (
highlighted in red ) are
represented by the corridors
that connect the various
rooms of the villa .
.

21. Areas for various functions
• Each floor covers an area
of 139.24 Square Meters (
1444.94 Square Feet ) ,
with a total living space of
556.96 sqm ( 5995.06
Square Feet ) .

22. Lighting
• the lighting of the villa is
guaranteed from the
window and openings in
the capital built on top of
the dome .The villa is
rotated 45 degrees to
facilitate natural light

23. interiors
The interior design of the Villa was to be as wonderful , if not more so , than the
exterior .
• Alessandro , Giovanni Battista Maganza and Anselmo Canera were commissioned to paint frescoes in the
principal salons .
• Among the four principal salons on the piano nobile are the West Salon ( also called the Holy Room , because of
the religious nature of its frescoes and ceiling ) , and the East Salon , which contains an allegorical life story of
the first owner Paolo Almerico , his many admirable qualities portrayed in fresco .
• The highlight of the interior is the central , circular hall , surrounded by a balcony and covered by the domed
ceiling ; it soars the full height of the main house up to the cupola , with walls decorated in trompe l'oeil .
• Abundant frescoes create an atmosphere that is more reminiscent of a cathedral than the principal salon of a
country house .
.

24. .
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25. Landscape
• From the porticos wonderful views of the surrounding countryside can be seen ; this is
no coincidence as the Villa was designed to be in perfect harmony with the landscape .
• This was in complete contrast to such buildings as Villa Farnese of just 16 years earlier .
• Thus , while the house appears to be completely symmetrical , it actually has certain
deviations , designed to allow each facade to complement the surrounding landscape
and topography .
• Hence there are variations in the facades , in the width of steps , retaining walls , etc.
• In this way , the symmetry of the architecture allows for the asymmetry of the landscape ,
and creates a seemingly symmetrical whole .
• The landscape is a panoramic vision of trees and meadows and woods , with the distant
Vicenza on the horizon . The
.

26. cont
• The northwest portico is set onto the hill as the termination of a
straight carriage drive from the principal gates .
• This carriageway is an avenue between the service blocks , built by
the Capra brothers who acquired the villa in 1591 ; they
commissioned Vincenzo Scamozzi to complete the villa and
construct the range of staff and agricultural buildings .
• As one approaches the villa from this angle one is deliberately
made to feel one is ascending to a temple on high .
• This same view in reverse , from the villa , highlights a classical
chapel on the edge of Vicenza , thus villa and town are united .
.

27. Rotunda
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28. Andrea Palladio's influence
• Andrea Palladio's influence on architecture cannot be
overstated. His ideas and designs revolutionized the field and
continue to be revered and studied by architects today. Some
of his major influences include:
• 1. Palladianism: Palladio's development of the Palladian style,
characterized by symmetry, proportion, and classical
elements, had a lasting impact on European architecture. His
designs were widely imitated and became the standard for
classical architecture.
• 2. Neoclassical Architecture: Palladio's work laid the
foundation for the Neoclassical movement in the 18th century.
Architects such as Robert Adam and Thomas Jefferson drew
inspiration from Palladio's principles and incorporated them
into their own designs.
• 3. English Country Houses: Palladio's ideas were particularly
influential in England, where his designs were studied and
emulated. Many English country houses, such as Chiswick
House and Holkham Hall, were inspired by Palladio's
principles of symmetry and proportion.
• 4. American Architecture: Palladio's influence extended to the
United States, where his ideas were embraced by architects
such as Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson incorporated Palladian
elements into buildings such as Monticello and the University
of Virginia, helping to shape the architectural landscape of the
young nation.
• 5. Architectural Education: Palladio's work also had a
significant impact on architectural education. His treatise "The
Four Books of Architecture" became a fundamental text for
aspiring architects, spreading his ideas and principles to
future generations.
• Overall, Andrea Palladio's influence on architecture can be
seen in the enduring popularity of classical design principles
and the continued admiration for his buildings. His legacy as
one of the greatest architects of the Renaissance period is
firmly established.