4. SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION
4
1) What is Finance and Public Finance
2) Public Finance Management
3) Financial provisions of the Constitution
4) Planning (Budgetary Mechanism)
5) Kinds of Funds
6) Control Mechanism
7) Taxation System
8) Legislative Accountability
5. Public Finance
“Finances” refers to provision of funds
and authority to collect, withdraw and
payment
‘Public Finance’ is a sum of resources
owned by and available to a public
sector Organization / Government for
running its business and providing
valuable goods and services to the
public.
5
6. Public Finance Management
Public Finance Management (PFM)
basically deals with all aspects of
resource mobilization and expenditure
management in government. Just as
managing finances is a critical function
of management in any organization,
similarly public finance management is
an essential part of the governance
process.
6
7. Public Finance Management
Public finance management includes:
Resource Mobilization,
Prioritization of Programmes,
The Budgetary Process,
Efficient Management of
Resources, and
Exercising Controls
7
8. DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES
NFC (Award)
PFC (Award)
Budgeting
What do you do in case of your own
Financial Management
Is distribution of your resources are fair at
family level
Example of best Distribution of Wealth
8
9. Constitutional provision of NFC
Article 160
President shall constitute NFC
Minister of Finance of the Federal Government,
the Ministers of Finance of the Provincial
Governments, and
such other persons after consultation with the
Governors of the Provinces
9
10. NFC-duties
the distribution between the Federation and
the Provinces of the net proceeds of the
taxes;
grants-in-aid by the FG and PGs;
The use of borrowing powers
any other matter relating to finance referred
to the Commission by the President.
10
11. NFC- What to distribute
taxes on income, including corporation tax,;
taxes on the sales and purchases of goods
imported, exported, produced,
manufactured or consumed;
export duties on cotton,
such duties
such other taxes as may be specified by the
President.
11
12. NFC – Not less than
Under Article 3A, the share of the Provinces
in each Award of National Finance
Commission shall not be less than the share
given to the Provinces in the previous
Award.
As amended in 2010 in Article 160 (3A).
12
13. Salient Features of 7th NFC Award 2010
Size of Divisible Pool enhanced by Rs. 68
billion
Share of Provinces was approx Rs.39 billion
Collection charges decreased from 5.2% to
1%.
Provincial share increased from 48.75% to
56% in the first year.
The provincial share increased to 57.5% after
the first year.
13
14. NFC Award
Horizontal Distribution
1 Population 82%
2 Poverty 10.30%
3 Revenue 5.00%
4 IPD (Inverse Population Density) 2.70%
Province Wise Weightage
1. Punjab 51.74 %
2. Sindh 24.55 % ,
3. Khayber Pakhtonkhwa 14.62 %
4. Balochistan 9.09 %
14
15. BORROWING
Borrowing by Federal Government. The
executive authority of the Federation may
borrow upon the security of the Federal
Consolidated Fund (Parliament)
Borrowing by Provincial Government. The
executive authority of a Province may
borrow upon the security of the Provincial
Consolidated Fund
15
16. IPD
A situation where an environmental factor
which affects population density inversely
changes when the population density
changes, such that an increase in population
density will cause the population to grow
better, or not to grow .
Generally the environmental factor affects
birth and death rates to cause this to occur.
16
17. 17
To achieve the objectives of the Governments.
To earn revenue for running the affairs of
Government.
To expend money for providing services to tax
payers.
To prepare Accounts
To make Public servants accountable.
NEED FOR PUBLIC FINANCIE
Introduction to Financial Management
18. 18
Financial Management in Pakistan
An Overview of Stakeholders
Parliaments
MOF / FDs
CBR
AGPR/CGA / AG/DAO
AGP
EAD
Defence Federal and
Provincial Govts
SBP/NBP
Revenue Deptts.
Line
Ministries
DDO Railways
Planning Div &
Departments
Self Accounting
Entities
Distt.Govts
Introduction to Financial Management
21. What is Budget?
Financial statement containing the
estimated receipts into, and the estimated
expenditure from, the Provincial
Consolidated Fund (PCF) for that year,
required to be laid before the Provincial
Assembly, before the commencement of
that year, in terms of the Article 120 (1) of
the Constitution, is known as Budget
[Annual Budget Statement (ABS)]
21
22. 22
What budget tells?
What your department can or cannot do?
What support your office will need to meet
the goals?
What steps you need to follow to achieve
those goals ?
To whom you need to communicate?
In what areas you need to do more
deliberations?
23. 23
Why Budget?
A budget is a plan for future activities. It
shows what resources are needed and how
they will be used.
Budgeting is a useful tool for:
Planning- efficient uses of resources, time and effort
Strategy- to reach that goal
Coordination- team must work together
Communication- organize their thoughts, actions
and responsibilities
Feedback- weakness – re-approriate or revise
24. 24
BUDGETARY PROCESS - SEVEN PHASES
6. Management and monitoring of the Annual Budget
7. Review of the Annual Budget
1. Priority formulation / Budget Preparation
2. Consideration of Budget by Provincial Assembly
3. Authorization of expenditure by Chief Minister
4. Distribution of grants by Finance Department
5. Communication of allocated funds Administrative Deptt.
7. Review of the Annual Budget
25. The New Chart of Accounts (CoA) meets all
financial requirements and having
following elements:-
1. Entity
2. Function
3. Object
4. Fund
5. Project
NEW CHART OF ACCOUNTS
25
26. NEW CHART
OF ACCOUNTS
ENTITY OBJECT FUND PROJECT
FUNCTION
GOVERNMENT
MINISTRY
DIVISION
DEPARTMENT
ATTACHED
DEPARTMENT
DISTRICT
DDO
MAJOR
MINOR
DETAIL
SOURCE
SUB FUND
MAJOR
MINOR
DETAIL
PROJECT
NUMBER
27. ENTITY ELEMENT - EXAMPLE
• Entity Provincial Government P
• Department Finance Department 60
• Attached Department Provincial Director LFA 5251
• District Lahore LE
• DDO Director LFA 4003
Account Code: P 60 5251 LE 4003
27
28. FUNCTION ELEMENT - EXAMPLE
An example of the Function Element in terms of
the actual code is shown as under;
Major Function 01 General Public Services
Minor Function 011 Financial & Fiscal Affairs
Detail Function 0112 Financial & Fiscal Affairs
Sub Detail Function 011204 Administration of
Financial Affairs
28
29. OBJECT ELEMENT-- E XAMPLE
Accounting Element A – Expenditure
Major Object A01-Employee related expenses
Minor Object A011 -Pay
Detailed Object A01101- Basic Pay of Officers
29
30. CHART OF ACCOUNTS-FUND ELEMENT
FUND
Consolidated FCF/PCF
Public Account (PA)
SOURCE
Capital -1
Revenue -2
SUB-FUND
voted or charged
Current or Development or Capital in nature
30
31. CHART OF ACCOUNTS PROVINCIAL FUND ELEMENT
Fund C -Consolidated Fund
Source 2 –Revenue, 1-Capital
Sub Fund 1 -Voted current expenditure
Grant Number O18 -Agriculture
Fund No. PC 21018- Agriculture.
31
33. Annual Budget Statement
The PG shall, in respect of every financial
year, cause to be laid before the Provincial
Assembly a statement of the estimated
receipts and expenditure (ABS)
(2) The ABS shall show separately :-
charged expenditure upon the PCF; and
expenditure proposed to be made from the Provincial
Consolidated Fund;
33
35. 35
Type of Funds
Government Fund
Federal Consolidated Fund (FCF)
Provincial Consolidated Fund (PCF)
District Government Fund (DGF)
Tehsil Local Fund
Town Local Fund
Union Local Fund
School Council Fund
FTF
Local Fund (LF)- University Fund
Public Account- Refundable Security A/c
36. IMPORTANT DIMENSIONS OF DDO
1) Duties & Role of DDOs in Financial
Matters
Budget– Preparation, Frame Work & Control
Procurements
General Principles and Restrictions relating to
expenditure
According/Obtaining Sanctions
Payment Vouchers / Documentation
Deductions on Payments
36
37. Cont… Major Areas:-
Cash matters
Maintenance of Accounts- Cash Book
Reconciliation of Payments & Receipts –
Verification exercise
Stores account and fixed assets matters
2) DDOs under accountability regime:-
Control Framework for Prevention of frauds,
losses, miscellaneous irregularities bogus
payments
Fraud and culpable negligence proceed able
under Cr.Pc & PEEDA Act simultaneously
Accountability through Audit
Cont…
37
38. Cont… Major Areas:-
3) Service and Administrative Matters
Attendance, joining, charge, leave, ACR
Correspondence and smooth working
Promotions, taking over the charge
4) Social Dimension of DDOs
Role & Responsibility towards the public at large /
community under its jurisdiction
38
40. WHAT, WHEN, HOW, WHOM
What to Procure (Budget/Grant/PC-1)
Purchase of Goods
Hiring of Services
Execution of Works
When to Procure (Planning)
How to Procure (Method & Procedure)
From whom to Procure
(Manufacturer/whole Seller/retailer/
importer (Private Sector or public sector)
40
41. 41
Cont… Terminology
“value for money” means best returns for each
rupee spent in terms of:
quality,
timeliness,
reliability,
after sales service,
up-grade ability,
price,
source,
the combination of whole-life cost and
quality to meet the procuring agency’s
requirements.
42.
43. ANNUAL PROCUREMENT PLANNING
(Under Rule Punjab Procurement Rules 2014)
Name of the Procuring Agency:
43
Sr. No. NAME OF THE
PROCUREMENT
Estimated Cost PROCUREM
ENT
METHOD &
Procedure
Tentative
date of
Procuremen
t notice/RFQ
Tentative
date for
Award of
Contract
Tentative
date of
Completion
Remarks (If
any)
1 Stationary 150000/- Competitive
One stage
one
envelope
20-7-2014 (15+10=25
days)
13-08-2014
Delivery
time
31-08-2014
2 Stationary 150000/- Competitive
One stage
one
envelope
22-10-2014 (15+10=25
days)
15-11-2014
Delivery
time
30-11-2014
44. It is the ‘Record’
Which is against
or for you.
Definition of Audit
Critical and objective
appreciation of accounts and
services and reporting thereof
44
45. STATUTORY AUTHORITY
The Auditor General shall conduct the
audit of the Accounts of the Provincial
Government Departments in accordance
with the Auditor General Ordinance,
2001 read with Article 169 (a) of the
constitution.
45
47. Proper Maintenance of Record / Accounts
It must exhibit the true picture
It must be recorded regularly and promptly
It must be authenticated
It must be cross referred.
It must be legible and without cutting
It must be under safe custody & charge
It must be reconciled
It must be produced to audit
47
48. Income Protocols
Recover in time as per schedule
Full Recovery (No installments)
Deposit in to the proper head of revenues on
the same day or the next
Promptly record entry to that effect in the
books of accounts
Keep the credit slip in tact in files
Get the record authenticated
Reconcile the Income periodically
48
49. Expenditure Protocols
Rates
Budget Provision
Sanction of the Competent Authority
Documentation (stock entry and taxation)
49
50. How to verify the validity
Validity of the Company
Validity of Person
Validity of Specification
Validity of Rates – (Reasonable Price)
Price Mechanism
Level of Supply Chain Command
Manufacture-Distributor-whole seller-retailer-
consumer
Validity of Documents
50
52. Pillars of Accountability
Political Will- Assembly Questions
Parliament- Standing Committee
Administrative Inspections
The Judiciary
The Media
Public Awareness
Audit Agencies and DAC, SDAC and PAC
Anti-Corruption
NAB
Transparency International Organization
Peerness 52
55. Payment Chart (Registered)
Total Amount of the Voucher Rs. 1000/-
inclusive of GST. Prepare the payment Chart:
Payable to Supplier =
Payable to Sales Tax Deptt. =
Payable to Income Tax Deptt.=
Total = 1000/-
55
56. Payment Chart (Un-registered)
Total Amount of the Voucher Rs. 1000/-
inclusive of GST. Prepare Payment Chart:
Payable to Supplier =
Payable to Sales Tax Deptt. =
Payable to Income Tax Deptt.=
Total = 1000/-
56
57. GENERAL SALES TAX
@17% of all the items are Sales Taxed
except for example… mentioned in sixth
schedule to the Sales Tax Act, 1990.
@19% from the non-registered supplier
@Zero rated sale taxed items. (Sec. 4 of STO,1990)
Deduction of 1/5th of Sales Tax at source
1/10th from Distributors and Whole sellers
Deduction at Full Rates i.e. @ 17% from
non-registered by Withholding Agent
(Govt. Dept., Autonomous Body, public
sector Org. ) otherwise 19%
Specified Goods are only taxed at
Manufacturer level Special Rules / (withholding) Rules, 2007)
57
58. 58
DEDUCTIONS ON PAYMENTS
Deductions at approved rates on payments:-
Professional Tax
Contractors:
Less than 1 million
Less than 10 employees Rs. 1000/-
More than 10 employees Rs. 2000/-
Exceeding 1 million Rs. 3000/-
10 million to 50 million Rs. 5000/-
Exceeding 50 million Rs. 10000/-
Engineer consultants Rs. 3000/-
Rs. 200/- per year for civil servant whose income is
taxable
(See Finance Act, 2000 for companies and firms and
Individuals)
Token Tax on Vehicles before 31st July
59. 59
Federal levies
Income Tax :
In case of salaried as per slabs
On supplies @ 4% (6% non-filer)for Company &
@ 4.5% (6.5% non-filer) (for others) exceeding
Rs. 25000/- in a financial year.
For services @ 8% filer (12% non-filer) for
Company &
@10% filer (15% non-filer) for others exceeding
Rs. 10000/- with in a financial year.
For Contracts @ 7%% for Company &
@7.5% for others 10% in case of non-filer
(Sec.153 ITO, 2001 as amended)
60. Sales Tax on Services (Punjab) 2012
Services provided by: @ 16% …
hotels, clubs and caterers
Contractors
Advertisement of TV, cables and Net
Consultants
Security providing agencies
Stock Brokers
Shipping agents etc
60
61. Sales Tax on Services Chart (FD letter dated 08-10-2013) After
this date full deduction of STS
Withholding Agent
(Service recipient)
Service Provider Status of Service
Provider
Withholding of
Tax
Fed, Provincial
Govt. LG, ABs Org.
Registered with PRA Company Exempted (except
advertising services)
Registered with PRA Firm, AOP,
Individual
16% withhold
Non-Registered with
PRA
All 16% withhold
Telecom, banking,
courier, Insurance
All Exempted
LTU Registered with PRA
other than LTU
Firm, AOP,
Individual
16% withhold
Company Exempted
Non-Registered with
PRA
All 16% withhold
Recipient of Ad
service who are Reg.
All persons All persons 16% withhold
61
62. Stamp duties
Stamp Duty
0.25% of the Contractual amount of the procurement
Works upto 50000/- Rs. 200/-
Rs. 50000/- to 5,00000/- Rs. 500/-
Rs. 500000/- 15,00000/- Rs. 1000/-
Rs. 1500000/- 25,00000/- Rs. 1500/-
Rs. 2500000/- and above Rs. 2000/-
Revenue Stamps on payments:
Rs. 20 to Rs. 2000/- Rs. 1
Rs. 2001 to 10000/- Rs. 2
Over 10001/- Rs. 5
62
64. Proper Maintenance of Record / Accounts
It must exhibit the true picture
It must be recorded regularly and promptly
It must be authenticated
It must be cross referred.
It must be legible and without cutting etc.
It must be in safe custody
Its placement
It must be reconciled
It must be produced to audited
64
65. Expenditure Protocols
Rates
Budget Provision
Sanction of the Competent Authority
Documentation (stock entry and taxation)
65
66. Documentation
Demand/Requisition/Indent
Permission of the Competent Authority to proceed
Administrative Approval & Technical sanction
Quotation Notice/Tender Notice
Advertisement/PPRA’s (Punjab) & Entity’s website
Pre-Qualification of Suppliers/Contractors-amended
Issue of Tender Documents
Terms & Conditions/Instructions
Specifications/BOQ
Cost of Tenders (Bank Challan)
Submission & Safe Custody of Quotations/Tenders in
the Tender Box
66
67. Cont… Documentation
Meeting of the Purchase Committee
Attendance of Participants/Bidders
Opening of Quotations/Tenders
Evaluation of Tenders/Quotations
Technical Proposal/Financial Bid
Terminologies of C&F/FOR
Conversion of Rates in One Currency
Arithmetic Verification
CDR/Earnest Money on %age rate (Not Fixed)
Preparation of Comparative Statement in the
same ceremony & Recommendation of the
Purchase Committee
Execution of Contract
67
68. Cont… Documentation
Supply/Work Order/Letter of Award of Contract
Delivery Challan
Inspection Report by the Inspection Committee
Commercial/Sales Invoice/Sales Tax Invoice /
Bill/ Cash Memo /Receipt
Bill of Entry/ Lading
Warranty/ Guaranty
Accessories & Tools
Seal Pack/Packing
Instructions Books/Manuals/Training Material/
Packing List
Installation Instructions/Safety Manuals/SOPs
Budget Provision/Commitment Accounting
Stock Register
68
69. Cont… Documentation
Sanction to Incur Expenditure
Revenue Stamps
Contingent Bill Passed for Payment
Pre-Audit of Payment/ Payment Break-up
Issuance of Cheque
Verification of Actual Payee
Actual Payee Receipt (APR)
Security Deduction Certificates
Tax Deduction Certificates
Refund of Security on the basis of Certificates of
successful completion
69
70. Cont… Documentation
Permanent Advance/Impressed and
Recoupment thereof
Temporary Advance and its adjustment
Procurement through Letter of Credit (LC)
Purchase of Books
Repairs
Auctions
70