What is Autonomous? what are Autonomous Cars? History Working Sensors Why not in Pakistan Advantages and disadvantages

3. PRESENTED BY: PRESENTED TO:
MUJAHID KHAN 18(F)AR045
HASSAN RAZA 18(F)AR019
SAFEER AHMAD 18(F)AR014
M.KAMRAN 18(F)AR008
MA’AM IZAA RABBANI

4. TOPICS TO BE PRESENT
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 TECHNOLOGY
 SENSORS
 WORKING
 WHY NOT IN PAKISTAN
 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES

5. WHAT IS AUTONOMOUS?
Having the freedom to Govern itself or
control its own affairs…..
AUTONOMOUS CAR / SELF DRIVING
CAR?
A vehicle Capable of sensing its environment
and navigating without human input

6. WHY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE?
 Imagine if everyone could get around easily
and safely, regardless of their ability to
drive.
 Main Focus of Autonomous Vehicle is to
reduce number of Car Accident caused due
to Human Errors
As Estimated around 3,287 Death Due to
Car accident Per Day

7. HOW IT ALL GOT STARTED?
 2005, DARPA(Defence Advanced research
Project Agency) Grand
Car Challenge.
First Automated Car.
 1920 –First Idea

8. Leaded by Sebastian Thrun.
The first self-sufficient and truly
autonomous cars appeared in
the 1980s.
CONT……..
Waymo

9. TECHNOLOGY THAT DRIVE THE
MACHINE
Dedicated hardware and software.
Hardware (The Visible parts)
Sensors , Computers , Processors , The Car Itself.
Software (The Magic Inside)
Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence , Machine
Learning, Cloud , Big data.

11. LETS TALK ABOUT SENSORS
1. GPS (Global positioning System)
The On-board GPS sensor Provide the car
with Real time information about the
Surrounding .
• The Source and destination is marked on
the Map and the Car uses GPS to navigate
itself without human interruption.

12. CONT……..
2.LIDAR (Laser Illuminating Detection
And Ranging)
Also Known as Heart of Autonomous car.
A LIDAR Rotate 360 Degree at a high
speed , Projecting Laser Beam And
Collecting the Echo From various object
Around it.
The Data From LIDAR is Used to Build A
virtual 3D Map which The Computer uses
to interact with the Environment.

13. RADAR (Radio Detection and ranging)
CONT……..
RADAR uses radio waves to communicate
with other object.
These are used to calculate the Distance ,
Speed , angle of Surrounding Object from
the Car.
Situated at front and rear of the car And
mainly used for Adaptive Cruise control.

14. High Powered Camera (Eyes to Car)
CONT……..
• High Definition Camera are used
Located in front windscreen of the
car.
• The Camera Are Used For Image
Processing
• These are used to differentiate object
on the road such as Traffic signal,
Type of vehicle, Pedestrians ,
cyclist , Animals .

15. Explanation by Mujahid

17. WHY NOT IN PAKISTAN

32. ADVANTAGES
 The lack of human error whilst driving, will result in a much safer
Journey
• Due to the sensors on the Autonomous car, they will be able to pack
closer together, allowing more cars on the road and therefore shorting
traffic times.
• Disabilities would no longer be a factor in driving, meaning anyone
could drive.
• You would need less space for parking as well as the car would be able
to drop you off and then find a parking space further away.
• The average worker spend 200 hours a year commuting , an
autonomous car would allow workers to spend the time on other things.
There would be no need to pass a driving test or gain a driving license
as everyone would be able to drive.

33. DISADVANTAGES
• There will always be the worry of the computer crashing or malfunctioning,
resulting in a major collision.
• The lack of need for drivers would be catastrophic for the economy; in 2011
there were 73,000 taxi drivers in England , who would all become
unemployed. This would be common for all driving professions, including
lorry drivers, bus drivers etc.
• When they are first released, they are likely to be extremely expensive,
and therefore most people won’t be able to afford them.
• Driving enthusiasts may not find the concept of self-driving car appealing, and
therefore will most likely want to keep normal cars.

34. THANK YOU