2. • Meaning of PLANNING
• Meaning of plan feasibility testing
• Place of FT in planning process
• Aspects of Feasibility
• Dimensions of external plan feasibility
• Formulation of Education Plan
- Major considerations:
- Presentation in Chapters
• Educational Plan as a Financial Statement
• DISCUSSION
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3. THE CONCEPT OF PLAN:
1. PLAN:
2. DIFFERENT CONNOTATIONS
- a Conspiracy
- anything planned for specific purpose
I plan to go to Lahore today
3. In our context, plan refers to
- A broader development road map for EDUCATION,
- document with the above road map
IT MUST GIVE ANSWER TO……BASIC QUESTIONS
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4. 4 60
In Oct, 2018
we hv
no Sc. Block
Completion of
Sc. Block by
31.12.20
What resources
and strategies
needed?
3 QS IN PLANNING
5. 5 44
Exam Result
15% in 2018
Exam Result
100 % in
2019
What resources
and strategies to
use and how?
6. MAY BE FOR PLANNING YOU
HAVE MANY MORE QUESTIONS
TO ASK
6 44
7. 35
7
PLAN IS ALWAYS IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF
…..….
- Feasibility testing takes place at project level. HOW,
- Plan broken down into….. ????
- …… broken down into…. ????
9. FEASIBILITY TESTING: MEANING
Feasibility:
Possibility, plausibility, practicability etc.
Place of FT in planning process:
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1. Data Collection & diagnosis,
2. Policy formulation,
3. Needs assessment,
4. Costing of Needs,
5. Priority setting,
6. FEASIBILITY TESTING,
7.Target setting,
8. PLAN FORMULATION
9. Plan elaboration,
10. Plan Implementation,
11.Plan Evaluation &
Revision.
10. ASPECTS OF FEASIBILITY TESTING:
FT is a pre-run of the plan.
1. External: How the Edu. System affects and is
affected by several other factors, Pol. Socio-eco. etc.
etc….
2. Internal: Is the Plan consistent in respect of aspects
like Motivation of parents, Stdt Enrolment, Tr. Trg.,
Curr., Exam. Reforms etc. etc.
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11. EXTERNAL PLAN FEASIBILITY DIMENSIONS
1. Socio-cultural: e.g…
Social acceptability, Opposition or welcome from people
or what…
2. Power Groups: May be within and outside
e.g…Merger of different departments etc.
3. Admn: e.g…
Textbooks printed, no storage, shipment of machinery,
but no arrangements for its release
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12. EXTERNAL PLAN FEASIBILITY DIMENSIONS
4. Eco. conditions:
e.g.Tr. Trg. Over and under supply, greater incentives
from some other agency etc…
5. Political situation:
e.g. can you think of a plan for upgradation of roads in
Jati Omra?...
………
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13. INTERNAL & EXTERNAL ASPECTS: A
Comparison
External aspects:
- More complicated,
- Out of control of planner
- Relatively difficult to overcome,….
Internal aspects:
- Less complicated
- Due to internal inconsistency
- Non-coordination, lack of reliable data
- Relatively easy to overcome……..
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14. APPROACHES TO OVERCOME FT PROBLEM/S:
1. Closed approach: to have limited analysis
- Internal Processes of Feasibility:
- Testing through Simulation,
- Brain-storming,
- Seminars etc…..
BUT this approach cannot guarantee as to what exactly
would be the public opinion.
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15. APPROACHES TO OVERCOME:
2. Open approach: To go for large scale analysis outside
the Ministry/Deptt/Organization concerned…
- open fora,
- broadcast media,
- non-broadcast media,
- …..
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16. PLAN FEASIBILITY MAY BE FOLLOWED BY
1. Minor revision of Plan and proceeding further OR...
2. Dropping it and going for some other alternative…
THE PLANNER WILL MOVE FORWARD WITH THE
SAME PLAN IN CASE OF NO……..
And go for revised target setting, and making required
changes andf PLAN FORMULATION in the light of FT.
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17. PLAN FORMULATION: Major considerations:
1. Brevity & clarity: For effective communication and
getting it approved.
2. Self-contained: in terms of…….
3. Comprehensive: Covering all levels & types of
Education.
4. Visual graphs etc. Tables: on enrolment, Trs.
Expenditures etc.
5. Timeframe etc…..
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18. PLAN FORMULATION: Major considerations:
BUT, STILL THE PLAN IS IN THE POCKET OF THE
PLANNER OR HIS IMMEDIATE STAFF.
TO MAKE IT PUBLIC, HE WILL PUT IT IN
PRESENTABLE FORMAT. HOW?
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19. PLAN PRESENTATION:…….Tentative Layout
CHAPTER-I
1. General:
1.1 Location, Geography
1.2 History of Edu.
1.3 Population: age, gender, migration, rural urban
1.4 Economy: salient features, GNP, GDP etc.
1.5 Socio-cultural features
……
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20. 2. Education:
1.2.1 emergence of modern education
1.2.2 legal bases of education,
1.2.3 structure of the education system
1.2.4 education statistics
1.2.5 Expenditure on Edu: different angles
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21. CHAPTER-II
2.1 Diagnosis of educational situation.
2.2 Legal & administrative arrangement for Edu.
2.3 Role of Public & Private Sectors in Edu.
2.4 Curriculum in total perspective of needs, economy, forces
etc.
2.5 Instructional aspects
- ……
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22. CHAPTER-III
3.1 Objectives of Education
3.2 Changes envisaged
3.3 Strategies for implementation
3.4 Targets such as …….
• Stdt. Enrolments
• Number of schools,
• Curriculum etc.
• Teacher Training Institutions,
….. 22 33
23. CHAPTER-IV
4.1 Financial Implications
4.2 Unit cost trends at different levels,
4.3 Bases of computing costs
4.4 Assumptions on which to base the financial aspect,
4.5 Constraints etc………..
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24. Educational Plan as a Financial Statement
- Financial aspects is the concern of the
approving authority.
- WHY?
- ….
- …
- ….
24
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25. ARE THE FOLLOWINGS ASPECTS STRONG
ENOUGH TO CONVINCE THE FUNDING
AGNECY?
- Accurate costing and presentation.
- Comprehensive: Covering all levels & types of
Education.
- Visual graphs etc.
- Tables: on enrolment, Trs. Expenditure,
scholarships, construction etc. etc.……
25
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