The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) (Figure 1 and Figure 2) is used to characterize the viscous and elastic behavior of asphalt binders at medium to high temperatures.

2.  To familiarize students about the characteristics of construction
materials used in Civil Engineering.
 To develop the understanding for identification of suitable construction
materials for Civil Engineering projects.
 To provide the knowledge about Materials Engineering to the students in
order to make them able to work as Material Engineers.

3. Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1) Choose suitable construction materials in various civil engineering
projects.
2) Classify different materials according to their properties in accordance
with the type of construction.
3) Experiment with different combinations of materials and discover
their benefits in construction.
4) Distinguish different types of construction materials.
5) Evaluate the behavior of different materials used in construction based
on their properties, economics, ease in construction and availability.

4. Topics
Materials and Properties

5. The engineering structures are composed of materials. These materials are
known as the engineering materials or building materials or materials of
construction. It is necessary for the civil engineer to become conversant
with the properties of such materials.
The service conditions of buildings demand a wide range of materials and
various properties such as water resistance, strength, durability,
temperature resistance, appearance, permeability, etc. are to be properly
studied before making final selection of any building material for a
particular use.

6. Common Civil Engineering Construction Materials are:
• Aggregates (Fine and Coarse. It include sand and stone)
• Soil
• Cement
• Concrete
• Bricks
• Wood and timber
• Asphalt
• Iron and Steel etc.

7. Less Common Civil Engineering Construction Materials are:
• Aluminum
• Glass
• Plastic
• Geotextiles: (use in soil separators, filtration and drainage and to control
erosions).

8. Aggregates(fine and coarse) Sand

9. Stone Bricks

10. Soil Cement

11. Concrete Concreting

12. Asphalt and Asphalt paving

13. Wood Iron

14. Glass Aluminum

15. Engineering Materials Selection Consideration And Properties:
• Physical Properties
• Mechanical Properties
• Electrical and thermal properties
• Chemical properties
• Economic factors
• Production/Construction
• Aesthetic Properties
• Emphasis
• Clients needs

16. 1) Physical Properties:
Physical properties of civil engineering materials include:
• Density,
• Specific gravity,
• Porosity,
• Water absorption,
• Void Ratio
• Unit Weight etc.

17. 1) Physical Properties: (Cont…)
• Density(ρ):
Density is defined as mass per unit volume for a material.
( ρ ) = M / V
Here some densities of materials in kg/m3
are:
Materials Bulk density
(kg/m3)
Brick 1700
Cement: sand 2306
Glass 2520
Concrete 1:2:4 2260
Limestone 2310
Steel 7850
Mastic asphalt 2100

18. 1) Physical Properties: (Cont…)
• Unit Weight (γ)
It is the ratio of material weight to material volume.
γ = W/V
γ = Unit weight (N /m³)
W= weight (N)
V = volume ( m³)
• Porosity (n):
It is the ratio of the volume of voids/spaces in the material to the total
volume of material. n = Vv/V
Vv = volume of voids

19. 1) Physical Properties: (Cont…)
• Void ratio (e):
Ratio between volume of voids to the volume of soil particles:
e = Vv/Vs
• Water absorption:
It denotes the ability of the material to absorb and retain water

20. 2) Mechanical Properties:
It Include.
• Tensile strength,
• Compressive strength,
• Rigidity,
• Hardness.
• Creep, fatigue ...... Etc.
In other words, it means how the material will respond to external
loading.

21. 2) Mechanical Properties: (contd..)
Tensile strength:
The resistance of material to break under tension
Compressive strength:
The resistance of material to break under compression.
Rigidity:
Ability to resist deformation
Hardness:
Ability to resist abrasion
Fatigue: ability to undertake repeated load/demand (stress reversal).

22. 3) Electrical and Thermal Properties:
Materials are classified based on their electrical properties as conductors,
semiconductors and insulators.
And thermal property include:
Heat capacity
Thermal Expansion,
Thermal shock and other
Thermal conductivity
Thermal stresses

23. Thermal property (Contd..):
Heat capacity:
• External energy required to increase temperature of a solid mass is
known as the material’s heat capacity. It is defined as the ability to
absorb energy.
Heat capacity has units as J/mol-K or Cal/mol-K
Thermal Expansion:
• Increase in temperature may cause dimensional changes.
Thermal Stress:
• Stresses due to change in temperature or due to temperature gradient are
termed as thermal stresses.

24. Thermal property (Contd..):
Thermal Shock:
• If the dimensional changes in a material are not uniform, that may lead
to fracture of brittle materials like ceramics. It is known as thermal
shock.
Thermal conductivity:
• Thermal conductivity is ability of a material to transport heat energy
through it from high temperature region to low temperature region.

25. 4) Chemical Properties:
It include
• Resistance to acids,
• alkalis,
• brines and oxidation.

26. 5) Economic factors/Characteristics:
Economic factors include
• Cost savings
• Raw material cost
• Availability
• Manufacturing cost
• Transportation cost
• Constructability
• Maintenance cost
• Life cycle cost.

27. 6) Production and Construction:
It include
• Availability of the material that will be used by the constructor
• Form(shape) of the Structure
• Space
• Working force and experience for the required construction.

28. 4) Aesthetic Characteristics:
It is concerned with the beauty of the structures
It include:
Purview of architect
Color,
Surface smoothness,
The reflection of light etc.