New advances in glass ionomer cement

1. Recent advances in
Glass ionomer
By
Mostafa Kamel
Supervised by
Dr. Reem Gamal

2. Contents
• History
• Recent Advances in Glass ionomer

3. History
• Glass polyalkenoate cements,
more commonly known as glass-
ionomers, are made of calcium or
strontium alumino-fluoro-silicate
glass powder (base) combined
with a water soluble polymer
(acid).
• Glass-ionomers were invented in
1969 and reported by Wilson and
Kent in the early 1970s.

4. Acid base reaction
• Glass-ionomer cement
components, when blended
together, undergo a hardening
reaction that involves
neutralization of the acid groups
by the powdered glass base.
Significant amounts of fluoride
ions are released during this
reaction.

5. Classification
• Type I - Luting cement used for cementation of crowns
and bridges
• Type II - Restorative cement used for aesthetic fillings
• Type III – GIC used as liners and bases
• Type IV – GIC used as pit and fissure sealants
• Type V – GIC used for orthodontic cementation

6. Classification
• Type VI – GIC is used for core build-up in highly
mutilated teeth
• Type VII – Fluoride releasing light-cured GIC
• Type VIII – GIC for atraumatic restorative treatment
(ART)
• Type IX – GIC used for Pediatric and geriatric
restorations

7. Recent advances
• 1-The Low Viscosity/Flowable
GIC – As lining, pit and fissure
sealing , endodontic sealers ,
sealing of hypersensitive
cervical areas and has increase
flow.eg: Fuji lining LC, Fuji III
and IV, Ketac – Endo.

8. Recent advances
• 2- The Bioactive Glass
This idea was developed by
Hench and co in 1973. It takes
into account the fact that on
acid dissolution of glass, there
is formation of a layer rich in Ca
and PO4 around the glass,
such a glass can form intimate
bioactive bonds with bone cells
and get fully integrated with the
bone.

9. Recent advances
• 3- Amalgomer
These are restoratives which are
glass ionomer based but with
the strength of amalgam.
1- F- release,
2- natural adhesion to tooth
structure,
3- good compatibility and 4-
No shrinkage, creep, corrosion
or thermal conductivity
problems exceptional wear
characteristics,

10. Recent advances
• 4- Fiber reinforced Glass
ionomer
• The reinforcing was made by
adding discontinuous glass
microfiber as fillers in 200–500
µm length, to RMGIC powder ,
which were mixed thoroughly
with RMGIC powder utilizing a
high speed centrifuging mixing
device.

11. Recent advances
• 4- Fiber reinforced Glass ionomer
• It involves incorporation of a continuous network /
scaffold of alumina and SiO2 ceramic fibres It has
increased depth of cure, reduced polymerization
shrinkage improved wear resistance and increase in
flexural strength

12. Recent advances
• 5- Chlorhexidine impregnated GIC It is developed to
increase the anticariogenic action of GIC. Still under
experimental stage. Experiments conducted on
cariogenic organisms

13. Recent advances
• 6- Zirconia Containing GIC
• Zirconia containing GIC – A
potential substitute for
miracle mix. The diametral
tensile strength of zirconia
containing GIC significantly
high to better interfacial
bonding Between the
particles and matrix.

14. Recent advances
• 7- Calcium Aluminate GIC
A hybrid product with a composition between that of calcium aluminate
and GIC, designed for luting fixed prosthesis.
The main ingredients in the powder of this hybrid cement are calcium
aluminate, polyacrylic acid, tartaric acid, strontium-fluoro-alumino-
glass, and strontium fluoride
The calcium aluminate contributes to a basic pH during curing,
reduction in microleakage, excellent biocompatibility, and long-term
stability and strength.

15. Recent Advances
• 8- Haniomers
• These are newer bioactive materials developed by
adding hydroxyapatite within glass ionomer powder.
They are mainly being used as bone cements in oral
maxillofacial surgery and can be used as retrograde
filling material

16. Recent Advances
• 9- Giomer
• . Giomer is a tooth-colored restorative material that uses
a resin base and pre-reacted glass ionomer (PRG)
technology.
• S-PRG technology delivers some properties of glass
ionomer such as fluoride release and recharge which
helps prevent caries recurrence.
• It also provides properties of composite resin such as
excellent aesthetics, easy polishability, biocompatibility
and smooth surface

17. Recent Advances

18. 1- Nano-hydroxyapatite or nano-fluorapatite,
when used as additives in conventional
GIC powder, significantly improves the
compressive strength, tensile strength,
flexural strength and adhesion properties
of the materials
Modifications of Glass Ionomer
Cements Using Nanotechnology

19. 2- titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been
added to the powder to improve the
mechanical properties and increase the
antimicrobial activity of the cement

20. • 3- nano-hydroxyapatite and zirconia
(ZrO2) particles to the powdered samples.
This also results in improved mechanical
behavior.