![“Concern for man himself and his fate
[humanity and its fate] should be the
chief interest of all technical endeavors.
Never forget this in the midst of your
diagrams and equations.”
– Albert Einstein](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Peacekeeping and tech - Walter Dorn
- 1. Peacekeeping Technologies with hands-on demonstration MIGS Professional Training Program on Prevention of Mass Atrocities Dr. Walter Dorn Canadian Forces College & Royal Military College of Canada 16 June 2015
- 2. “Concern for man himself and his fate [humanity and its fate] should be the chief interest of all technical endeavors. Never forget this in the midst of your diagrams and equations.” – Albert Einstein
- 3. Humanity’s concern for humanity Save lives and prevent suffering UN: collective eyes and ears, legs and arms Needed during and post-conflict UN Peace Operations
- 4. Traditional peacekeeping • The Human Eye ... sometimes aided by binoculars
- 5. Monitoring Mandates – Cease-fires – Peace agreements – Protected areas and persons (POC) – Elections – Human rights – Sanctions – Armed groups and spoilers (early warning) – Resource exploitation – Safety & security of UN personnel (dilemma) “A MONITORING GAP”
- 6. Problems of Unaided Monitoring Limited capabilities ... – over large areas – at night – for underground detection – in remote/difficult terrain – information recording, analyzing, sharing and storage
- 8. Monitoring Technology • Increases range and accuracy of observation • Permits continuous monitoring • Increases effectiveness (including cost-effectiveness in some cases) • Decreases intrusiveness • Enhances safety of staff in field • Provides recordings/evidence
- 10. Commercial Trends Amazing! • Better, cheaper, smaller • Converging (one device / many functions) – Smartphone: phone, messaging, GIS, internet, touchscreen, innovative apps; Two cameras/video, GPS (satellite) – Sensors: accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer (compass), multiple radios, barometer • Versatile – Adaptable (time, space) • Commercialized – Military to widespread civilian (COTS) – Even toys!
- 11. Dr. Walter Dorn, Maxwell Ng and Eric Woolven,
- 13. Demo Technologies Aerial Observation • Aerostat – Lecture demo – Altitude • UAV • Elevated camera mount – Mast/Monopod Ground Sensor (attended/hands on) • Land Rover (remote controlled) • Laser Rangefinder Ground Sensor (unattended) • Live Internet Webcams – Conflict Zones (handout) • Shatterproof Camera Dome • Motion-detector Illuminator – Solar power • IR Game Camera • Acoustic Monitors Other • Action Camera • Gyroscope (stabilization) • Motion Tracking – Facetrack • Tracking – Smartphone (apps) To Order • Radio multifunction • Solar charger Extra • Webcam Software (Yawcam) • IR Breakbeam (no demo) • IP Camera (no computer needed) • Internet backup generator (Brick, wifi via cell phone network, with battery and sensors)
- 15. First UN UAV – December 2013 Falco UAV from Selex ES (Italy) under contract to UN Goma, DRC
- 16. • Easy to fly • iPad/iPhone/Android phone control • HD 720p at 30fps camera • GPS and gyroscopic stabilization • Up to 30 min flight time ~$300 Mini-UAV Parrot Drone
- 18. • Weather balloon with nylon cord (up to 400 ft) • Helium provides battery-free lift • Simple design, easy to use • High-altitude frame provides protection • Analog or digital feed • Time-lapse HD images available $600 Aerostat
- 19. Action camera • Sports, light (75 g), rugged • Full HD, 1080p at 60fps • 10 MP photos • Photo every 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 30, 60 s • F2.8 aperture • Ultra-wide angle lens • Software can remove fish-eye $ 400GoPro Hero 3
- 20. • Holding (GoPro) cameras higher • 0.502 m to 1.524 m (1.65 ft to 5 ft) in height • Rubberized foot • 350 g $50 Mast / Monopod
- 23. • iPad controlled • With touch screen • With accelerometers • Illuminators • Orientable live camera • Uses standard AA batteries • Records video Price range: $100 Land Rover Rover 2.0
- 24. • 5 to 550 m range • 1 m accuracy • 6x optical magnification • Eye-safe IR beam • Laser pointer possibility $300 Laser rangefinder Nikon Aculon AL11
- 25. • Low-friction spinning disk • No electricity • 63 mm diameter • 80 g, spinning up to 8000 rpm • Provided as toy or scientific • Housed in solid compartment $200 Image stabilizer: gyroscope
- 27. • 3.0 MP resolution • Motion activated • Wildlife, trespassers • Day/night • 35 night LED illuminators • 10 m nighttime range • 0.3 s image after motion detected (1.5 s in sleepmode) ~$100 Infrared camera TruthCam 35
- 29. • Two audio channels • Handle and clip for portability • 49 MHz signal • 600 ft. range • Vibration and visual sound levels • Low battery signal Price range: $60 Acoustic (baby) monitors Graco audio monitors
- 30. • Closed-circuit colour TV • Shatter-resistant • One-way dark or reflective • Pan and tilt capabilities • Small • Deterant to vandals and trespassers Price range: $15–600 Dome camera
- 31. • LED Light • 25 m motion-detection • 1 or 5 min triggering • Runs 2 hours on full charge • Common for household security ~$50 Motion-activated solar light
- 32. • Hundreds of free feeds • Cheap to setup, free to view • Some remotely controlled by viewer • Sound and maps available Price: Internet connection + Webcam ($100) Webcams
- 33. Technology Conclusions 1. No technological fix … but technology can be of immense value in monitoring, preventing and mitigating conflict. 2. Technical monitoring can increase the safety and security of peacekeepers as well as the effectiveness of the mission.
- 34. 3. UN lacks the equipment, resources, preparation/training needed for effective and efficient use of modern monitoring technology • some monitoring technologies in some missions but ad hoc and unsystematic – radars – NVE (Gen 2+) • no thermal imagers, seismic or acoustic ground sensors • platforms: recce vehicles and aircraft • absence of policies, doctrine, SOPs and training materials • need to re-engage capable contributors
- 35. 4. UN is capable of incorporating advanced technologies • Communications and information technology • Carlog • GIS progress – Commercial satellite imagery • Aerial recce in DRC
- 36. • Convergence – Technologies – Toys • Miniaturization • Innovation • Robustness • Cheaper 5. COTS is advancing fast … to the rescue • Many peacekeeping applications
- 37. • Panel on Technology and Innovation in UN Peacekeeping • USG assistance • Need for technology contributing countries 6. UN is making progress
- 38. IF THIS TECHNOLOGY-AIDED PRESENTATION DIDN’T WORK … FORGET EVERYTHING I SAID!
- 39. UN experience
- 40. AM FM HFVHFUHF Shortwave Cell phone 0.4 μm 0.7 μm IRUVX-Ray Microwave Radio Hard Soft Wi-Fi Wavelength (m) Frequency (Hz) 1021 1020 1019 1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 1013 1012 1011 1010 109 108 107 106 10-13 10-12 10-11 10-10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 RadarNear IR Thermal IR -Rayɣ HF © W.Dorn ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
- 41. EXTRA SLIDES
- 42. From the Audience …. • Social media …. – Una Hakika – IC diplomacy • Structure fro motion
- 43. Applications and Issues • Protection of civilians • Peace monitoring • Counter-IED • Big Brother? – Privacy and control
- 44. Challenges • Timeliness – Processing • Accuracy • Manipulation • Info falls into wrong hands
- 45. Smart Phone (Samsung Galaxy S5) • Camera – Still: 16 MP (5312x988 pixels, 1.2 μm/pixel), autofocus – Video: HD (2160p@30fps) – Front/read viewing, flash • Sensors – Accelerometer – Barometer – Biometric: fingerprint reader; heart rate – Compass – Gesture – GPS – Gyro – Proximity – Light (auto screen brightness, RGB) • Phone, Messaging, Email, Internet, Music • Touchscreen, voice commands • Wifi, Mobile Hotspot, Bluetooth, Tethering, S Beam, USB, etc, • Apps
- 47. Apps World • Voice recognition • Translation
- 50. • Heart Rate Sensor - Red LED shoots the light to the user’s skin. Then the pulse sensor measures the movement of the red blood cells of the capillaries, which is underneath the finger, according to the pulsation, to measure the heart rate by calculating the frequency of the wave per minute. • http://global.samsungtomorr ow.com/?p=36031 • The Finger Scanner
- 51. Smart Phone (Samsung S4) • Camera – Still: 8 MP (3264x2448 pixels) – Video: HD (1080p@30fps) – Front/read viewing, flash • Sensors – Accelerometer – Barometer – Biometric: fingerprint reader, heart – Compass – GPS – Gyro – Proximity – Light (auto screen brightness, RGB) • Phone, Messaging, Email, Internet, Music • Touchscreen, voice commands • Wifi, Mobile Hotspot, Bluetooth, Tethering, S Beam, USB, etc, • Apps