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1. SOURCES
AND TYPES
OF KNOWLEDGE
RAZIEL FLAVIANO
JAY LORD VEGA
JOANA FRAGO

2. SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE
1. Experience
2. Authority
3. Deductive Reasoning
4. Inductive Reasoning
5. Scientific Approach

3. EXPERIENCE
• Experience is a familiar and well-used source of
knowledge.
• By personal experience, you can find the answers to
many of question you face
• In fact, this ability to learn from experience is a prime
characteristic of prime characteristic of intelligent
behavior.

4. AUTHORITY
• Refers to the legal and formal right to give commands
and make decisions.
• Seek knowledge from someone who has had
experience with the problem or has some other
source of expertise.

5. DEDUCTIVE REASONING
• A thinking process in which one proceeds from
general to specific knowledge through logical
argument.
• Deductive reasoning is useful in research because it
provides a way to link theory and observation.

6. INDUCTIVE REASONING
• Inductive reasoning is the reverse of the deductive
method.
• An investigator should establish general conclusions
on the basis of facts gathered through direct
observation.

7. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
• Inductive-deductive method
• Uses hypotheses
• Gathers empirical data
• On the bass of the evidence, they accept or reject the
hypotheses
• A hypothesis is a statement describing relationships among
variables that is tentatively assumed to be true.

8. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
• It identifies observations to be made to investigate a question.
• Testing hypothesis by making deductive from it and gathering
additional data to determine whether these data would
support the hypothesis. From this method of inquiry. Darwin
was able to develop his theory of evolution. This use of both
inductive and deductive reasoning is characteristic of modern
scientific inquiry.

9. TYPES OF KNOWLEDGES
1. Explicit knowledge
2. Implicit knowledge
3. Tacit knowledge
4. Procedural knowledge
5. Declarative knowledge
6. A Posteriori knowledge
7. A Priori knowledge

10. EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
• Explicit knowledge is knowledge covering topic that
easy to systematically document (in writing), and
share out at scale: what we think of as structured
information.
• When explicit knowledge is well-managed, it can help
a company make better decisions, save time, and
maintain an increase in performance.

11. IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
• Implicit knowledge is, essentially, learned skills or
know-how. It is gained by taking explicit knowledge
and applying it to a specific situation.
• Implicit knowledge is gained when you learn the best
way to do something.

12. TACIT KNOWLEDGE
• Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge, skill, and
abilities an individual gains through experience that
is often difficult to put into words or other wise
communicate.

13. PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE
• Procedural knowledge can be simply stated as
knowing how to do something.
• It is defined as the knowledge attained by practicing
or exercising a task or a skill.
• It is also called practical knowledge, imperative
knowledge, or task knowledge.

14. DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE
• Declarative knowledge refers to facts or information
stored in the memory that is considered static in
nature.

15. A POSTERIORI KNOWLEDGE
• In Latin posteriori means “from the latter”, is a term
from logic, which usually refers to reasoning that
works backward from an effect to its causes.
• A posteriori knowledge is a subjective type of
knowledge that is gained from individual experience.

16. A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE
• In Latin a prior means “what comes first”.
• A priori knowledge is not based on experience.
• A priori knowledge is knowledge that exists in the
mind before any experience with or observation of
the physical world.

17. THANK YOU!