The document discusses Kashmir, a disputed region located in northern India. It provides background information on Kashmir's geography, demographics, and history of conflict between India and Pakistan over control of the region. Approximately 12 million people live in Kashmir, with Muslims making up around 70% of the population. In recent years, Kashmir has faced an ongoing security lockdown imposed by the Indian government. This has restricted freedoms of movement, communication, and education for Kashmiri people.

3.  Kashmir is an area on the northern borders of India and
Pakistan; officially known as Jammu & Kashmir.
 Kashmir covers an area of 222,237 Sq. Km (85,800 Sq.
Mi). Mount Godwin Austen/K2 (8,611m/28,250 ft.) and
mount Nanga Parbat (8,123m/26,650 ft.) lie in Northern
Kashmir.
 The Indus river flows through Kashmir. The river Jhelum
flows through the Vale of Kashmir. The mountains have
much precious forests.
 About 12 million people live in Kashmir, of which around
70% are Muslims. The rest include Hindus, Sikhs and
Buddhists.

4. Right to life and liberty,
Freedom from slavery and
torture,
Freedom of opinion and
expression,
The right to work and
education,
The right to spend life on their
religions and many more.

5. Historical Background:
 on 26 October 1947, Maharaja Hari
Singh agreed to accede to the Dominion
of India.
In Present Day :
 From 15 January 2020 Kashmir has
been under a lockdown for five
months under the government of
Prime Minister of india Narendra
Modi.

6.  Mashaal Malik, wife of detained Kashmiri
leader Mohammad Yasin Malik, said on
Monday that:
“A Kashmiri has no right to meet his wife and child; he is
being treated worse than a proclaimed terrorist.“
He said more that:
"The lives of Kashmiris have no value and we have no
rights just because [we] are struggling against India in a
fight for freedom."

7.  India took this matter to the UN Security Council,
which passed resolution 39 (1948) and
established the United Nations Commission for
India and Pakistan (UNCIP) to investigate the
issues and mediate between the two countries.
 The United Nations is absolutely a useless
organization. Its formation was primarily
supposed to be able to prevent wars and to
protect human rights. In fact, it achieved neither
because the big powers, particularly the US is
using it as a tool to foster its own narrow
interests.

8.  We need to educate our children and youth about values,
respecting their parents and teachers. –(Karamat
Qayoom, a journalist and social volunteer.)
 Since the abrogation of Article 370 on
August 5 2019, Kashmir valley has
witnessed an unprecedented shutdown.
 There have been restrictions on movement
of civilians, communication blackout,
restrictions on media reporting etc.
 Educational institutions too have remained
shut.
 According to reports, the government did
attempt to reopen institutions but
attendance remained poor as parents
feared for their children’s’ safety.

9. o Education can function as a unifying factor and
produce informed and active citizens of an
interdependent world. It can provide the tools for
advocacy and resolution of conflict that are
necessary for the maintenance of peace between
nations and people. United Nations initiated in
human rights and peace pedagogy.
o The decades-long conflict in the state has led to
constant school closures, attacks on schools, and
assaults on students, according to the US State
Department. In 2016 alone, more than 300
schools were closed due to military skirmishes.
These shutdowns have a direct impact on the
quality of education in the area.

10. There is no right for Kashmir people
to spend their life in freedom.
They have no right to speech against
the powers that are dominant on
them.
They can not argue about any thing.
In Kashmiri people there in no
freedom of thinking , even that they
can't think against.
In Kashmir, this fundamental right to
speak and express is increasingly
becoming suspended, implemented
with systematic crackdown that is
purging individuals from speaking.

11. The right to freedom of expression is arguably one of the
most important universally recognized rights, as seen
in the;
International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights (ICCPR),
Universal Declaration of Human
Rights (UDHR),
International Convention on
Economic Social and Cultural
Rights (ICESCR) and others.

12.  The Article 19 (1) of the Constitution of India 1949
elaborates the fundamental rights. “All citizens shall
have the right,” it reads and the first sub-clause grants
the freedom to speech and expression.
 This right is also protected by many regional
conventions such as the European Convention on
Human Rights, the American Convention on Human
Rights and the African Charter on Human and
People’s Rights.
 It is fundamental to human dignity and key to the
protection of all other human rights. The right to
freedom of expression confers a broad protection in
international law, and it applies not only to content,
but also to the means of dissemination.
 General Comment 34 on Article 19 of the ICCPR
recognizes the internet as a means of expression.