regarding human rights under UDHR

1. Human rights & students movements in India
Presentedby:
Deekshith kumar N,
4th sem,
Biological sciences,
Bangalore university,
Bangalore.
Guidedby:
Mr.Chaitra Prasad M.D
Faculty,
Biological sciences,
Bangalore university,
Bangalore.

2. Contents
Introduction
Historical development of human rights
Human rights
Students movements in India
Summary
References

3. What is human rights?
The basic rights that are given to all human beings are
called human rights.
Human rights demand recognition & respect for inherent
dignity to ensure that every one is protected against
abuses which undermine their dignity.
Human rights belong to every one, every where,
regardless of nationality, sexuality, gender, race, religion
or age.

4. Introduction
“All human beings are born with equal & inalienable rights &
fundamental freedoms”.
Human rights with referral to Indian constitute. Indian
constitution sets out fundamental rights, directive principle
& duties of citizen.
Human rights include civil & political rights.
The foundation of modern human rights is the universal
declaration of human rights(UDHR).

5. Historical development of human rights
Human right is a concept that has been constantly evolving throughout
human history.
They have been tied to laws, customs & religion throughout the ages.
The Hindu Vedas, the Babylonian code of Hammurabi; the Bible, the
Quran & the Analects of Confucius.
“Dharma”-law- In ancient India duties is a symbol of dignity to be
discharged with affirmative joy.
Individual is existed as a citizen of the state & in that capacity he had
both rights & obligation.
These rights & duties have largely been expressed in terms of
duties(Dharma)

6. During Hindu era
• According to Raja dharma, the king was able only to enforce the
law, dharma Shastra did not recognize any legislative power in the
king.
• Kautilya disapproved the theory of royal absolutism & subordinated
the king also to the law
• Similarly shantiparva prescribed that king may be punished if he
doesn't follow path of the dharma.
• Later on Buddhism & Jainism were against deterioration of the
morals.
• After Buddha , Ashoka protected & secured most of the precious
human rights.

7. Islamic era…
• During this period, there was a discrimination against the
Hindus.
• One law for Muslims-another for Hindus. So, there was
inequality.
• Akbar started new era in the Moghul history of India in the
field of human rights. But Aurangzeb reversed the trend
initiated by Akbar.

8. During British rule…
• Here modern version of human rights took birth.
• Later freedom fighters fought for their rights, freedom & self
govt.
• Mahatma Gandhi launched non-violent struggle.
• Lokamanya tilak advocated that “ freedom was the birth right of
Indians for which they will have to fight”
• The proclamation of Queen Victoria contained some principles of
state policy.
• A series of resolutions adopted by the INC between 1917-1919-

9. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
The Fundamental Rights are defined as the basic human
rights of all citizens.
These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution
irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed
or sex.
 Right to Equality(14-18)
 Right to Freedom(19-22)
 Right against Exploitation(23-24)
 Right to Freedom of Religion(25-28)
 Cultural and Educational Rights(29-30)
 Right to Constitutional Remedies(32)

10. RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES
 The Right to Constitutional Remedies empowers citizens to
approach the Supreme Court of India to seek enforcement,
or protection against infringement, of their Fundamental
Rights.
 It is covered in Article 32.
“Writtes” – protect fundamental writes of India.
The Supreme Court has been empowered to issue writs, namely
Habeas corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo
warranto, for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights

11. Human rights under UDHR
• THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL
DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of
achievement for all peoples and all nations.
• We have 30 human rights, according to the UDHR created by
UN in 1948 to provide a global understanding of how to treat
a individuals.

12. Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are
endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one
another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in
this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race,
colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

13. Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave
trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before
the law.

14. Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to
equal protection of the law.
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national
tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the
constitution or by law.
Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

15. Article 10
• Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by
an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of
his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11
Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be
presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public
trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his
defence.

16. Article 12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy,
family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and
reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against
such interference or attacks.
Article 13
Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within
the borders of each state. Everyone has the right to leave any country,
including his own, and to return to his country.

17. Article 14
1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum
from persecution.
2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising
from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations.
Article 15
1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor
denied the right to change his nationality.

18. Article 16
1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due
to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and
to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to
marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
Article 17
1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in
association with others.
Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion

19. Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression;
Article 20
Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
Article 21
Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country,
directly or through freely chosen representatives.
Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security
Article 23
Everyone has the right to work, right to equal pay for equal work and
right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

20. Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure.
Article 25
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well being of himself and of his family
Article 26
Everyone has the right to education.
Article 27
Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community
Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the
author.

21. Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights
and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29
Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State,
group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act
aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

22. Human rights protection
• Public Interest Litigation means a litigation which is filed in a court of law
for the protection of public interest.
There are condition for filling PIL
 There must be a public injury or public wrong caused by the
wrongful act .
It is for the enforcement of the basic human rights of weaker
sections of the community whose fundamental and constitutional
rights have been infringed.
 It must not be frivolous litigation by persons
having vested interests.

23. Student movement in India
Recent JNU incident:
On feb9, ex-members of DSU
had called for a meeting.
 Protest was for “stand in
solidarity with the struggle of
Kashmiri people for their
democratic right to-self
determination”
To protest against the “judicial
killing” of Afzal guru.

24. Slogans include “ Baharat
ke tukde honge hazar” &
“Baharat ki barbadi tak
jung zaari rahengi”.
JNU student union
president was arrested.
Logic
 Every one has the freedom of expression undoubtedly, freedom
of speech & expression comes with responsibility.
 Disagreement on judicial killing is acceptable.
 But anti-national slogans were against the law.

25. Conclusion
• The pursuit of human rights lies at the heart of the mission of the United
Nations. a life in freedom, security and prosperity. It underpins the
hopes of millions of people for a life in freedom, security and prosperity.
The UDHR remains as relevant today as it was on the day it was adopted.
• “ In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United
Nations has stated in clear and simple terms the rights which
belong equally to every person. These rights belong to you.
They are your rights. Familiarize yourself with them. Help to
promote and defend them for yourself as well as for your
fellow human beings.”
• Human rights has to be protected in order to maintain humans
dignity, respect & recognition.
• Everyone should enjoy their freedom of rights but not against the
law.

26. References
• Williams, Paul(1981).the international bill of human rights.
• Glendon,Mary Ann(2002) A world made new : Eleanor Rooslet and
the universal declaration of human rights.
• Text book of UDHR
• http://en.m.Wikipedia.org/Universaldeclarationofhumanrights.