An introductory document on computer vision with OpenCV and Python defines an image as a 2D perception of light that humans see as continuous waves of visible light with colors based on wavelength. Computers perceive images as discrete 2D arrays of light intensities at moments in time, with colors composed of combinations of red, green, and blue RGB channels. The document provides an example RGB image array and previews upcoming coding sessions on plotting images, filters, edge detection, and face detection using OpenCV.