This project investigates the wideband multilayer hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (HDRA) in higher order modes. The suggested feeding technique was an annular slot that was placed in the inner dielectric layer. The affected dimensions, relative permittivity and the annular slot radius were part of the main study in this project that used the CST simulation platform. The impedance bandwidth of the two-layer H- DRA was 38.5% when compared to the 17.11% in case of the single layer. The maximum gain observed is 9.91dBi with GHz, two when resonant compared modes to TTE111 E113 at at 4.3 7.2 GHz GHz in and single-layer. TE313 at 9.1

1. Multilayer Hemispherical Dielectric
Resonant Antenna in Higher Order Modes
Moayad Al-Zoghaiby
Electronic and Electrical Engineering department
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2. Outline
 Project Aim and Objectives
 Enhancement Methods and Results:
 Configuration of Hemispherical DRA.
 Enhancement Methods.
 Single-Layer H-DRA.
 Multi-Layer H-DRA:
 Effects of Permittivity and Dimensions.
 Effects of Annular slot.
 Resonant Modes.
 Conclusion
2
Part .1: By Project meeting
Part.2: By Assessment Elements
Part .3: By Project Targets [specific objectives]
Supervisors review and observation sessions [Term.2] [Weekly meeting] supervisor Owner Phase Starting Date Ending Date
S-1: Task given for PID, and requested for a Draft in next session plus one more material to read. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 24/01/2018
S-2: Remark the draft PiD, and optimizing the main objectives (including period time). Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/02/2018 01/02/2018
S-3: Discussed about technical report [20refe] , objectives this semseter and getting an assisatanceto CST platform. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 09/02/2018 09/02/2018
S-4: Upon a request from my supervisor. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Canceled 23/02/2018 23/02/2018
S-5: Feedback on PID, progress into IT report and discussion of Risk assessment. Plus request to meet with a second supervisorDr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 02/03/2018 02/03/2018
S-6: Discussed ITR aims, questions about; Er, Gain and BW and achivment of relevent approaches CST. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 09/03/2018 09/03/2018
S-7: Due to illness. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Absent 16/03/2018 16/03/2018
S-8: Discussed ITR and specified the final objectives and comments on R-DRA simulation Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 23/03/2018 23/03/2018
S-9: Due to test of Broadband wireless techniques Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Postpone 20/04/2018 05/05/2018
S-10: discussed the achivment of this term that includes; CST training and simulation of R_DRA and H_DRA. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 05/05/2018 05/05/2018
S-10: latest approaches in DRA in planing for next term Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/05/2018 11/05/2018
Task.1: Project Initialisation Document [10%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
Specification [Aims and objectives] [3%] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Literature Review [at least a 6 up-to-date related references ] [3%] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Project Schedul [Initial plan related to project objectives ] [2%] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Risk register [Impact and outcomes of project over time] [2%] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Risk Assessment [0%] [assessment training on 5 Feb 2018] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Task.2: Second Marker Meeting [5%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
overview of the MSc project [what you are doing and why you are doing it?] Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 25/02/2018 Mar-18
Understanding the aims and objectives of their project Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 25/02/2018 Mar-18
Highlight the project risk Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 25/02/2018 Mar-18
Presentation can expline your aims [bring your labtop] Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 25/02/2018 Mar-18
Task.3: Interim Technical Report [15%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
delivered a final project title. Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
Project description and final detailed specification (achievements records) Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
Up-to-date progress on to the project (a problem set and solution required) Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
A well and clear structure should be understandable and standard and quality format. Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
Task.4: Second Marker Viva [10%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
10 min presentation (MS PowerPoint), Includes: Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/05/2018 Jul-18
1. demonstrates; technical understanding of your project Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/05/2018 Jul-18
2. Milestone evaluation and future work to complete your project (key result based on mathematical and analytical results) Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/05/2018 Jul-18
Task.5: Supervisor Assessment [10%] [No need for a preparation] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
Based on performance and skills the following; Understanding of your project, Practical skills, Self-reliance, Initiative Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 12/06/2018
Task.6: Public Engagement Video and Storyboard [5%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
A target of the project based on the quality and the content of the video. Students Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 31/08/2018
Task.7: IEEE Style Article [35%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
A final project report based on IEEE Style Article Template Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 31/08/2018
Task.8: Symposium Presentation [10%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
18min of presentation delivery includes; Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 04/06/2018 04/06/2018
understanding, aims, methodology and reasoning and evaluate the results and achievements of the project. Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 04/06/2018 04/06/2018
[specific objectives] Supervisor Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
Trem.2: Literature review and background theory Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 15/12/2017 18/05/2018
Trem.2: CST Training, Design H-DR antenna (all required parameters) Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/01/2018 23/03/2018
Trem.2: Simulated a relevant results based on CST [R-DRA and H-DRA] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 16/04/2018 18/05/2018
Trem.2: Writing the Interim technical report Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
Summer.term: BW enhancement Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 29/06/2018
Summer.term: Gain enhancement Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 02/07/208 27/07/209
Summer.term: Size reduction. REASON: due to time limition Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Canceled 30/07/209 10/08/2018
Summer.term: Tolerance and stability in practical evaluations. REASON: due to time limition Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Canceled 10/08/2018 24/08/2018
Summer.term: writing a final report Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 31/08/2018
Summer.term: Preapering for a final presentation Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 31/08/2018 04/09/2018
Part.1: Project Meeting
Part.3: Project Targets
Part.2: Plan on Assessment Elements
Project objectives
Multi-Layer Hemispherical DRA in higher oreder modes
First Supervisor
Second Supervisor
Student Name
Dr. Salam Khamas
Proff. Alan Tennant
Moayad Al-Zoghaiby
Student Registration No. 170217204

3. Project Aim and Objectives:
 Project Aim:
Investigate the possibility of success in a design of hemispherical DRA (H-DRA) in order to enhance
the impedance bandwidth and gain at MM-wave frequencies by using a CST Microwave Studio.
 Project Objectives:
 Bandwidth Enhancement:
Using multi-layer H-DRA in order to enhance Wider Impedance Bandwidth 100% (Double of single layer).
 Gain Enhancement:
Exciting a higher order modes can achieve a higher gain (previously, the higher gain recorded was ~7-9 dBi).
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4. Enhancement Methods and Results
4
TABLE 1
The Basic parameters of Multi-layer H-DRA
Parameters Value Description
𝑎2 10 mm H-DRA radius size (inner layer)
𝑎1 12.5 mm Outer layer radius size
wA 1.67 mm Annular slot width size
rA 3 mm Annular slot radius size
𝜀1 7.85 Outer layer dielectric constant
𝜀2 10 H-DRA dielectric constant
Fig.1. The geometry of two-layer hemispherical
DRA shows the top (a) and side (b) views.
(b)
(a)
 Antenna Configuration at 3-12 GHz

5. 5
EnhancementMethods
Build up a Multi-layer H-DRA
Excitation of Higher-Order Modes
Annular slot (Feeding techniques) Fig.2. The geometry of two-layer hemispherical
DRA shows the side view.
Enhancement Methods and Results

6. 6
Enhancement Methods and Results
Fig.3. Two cases of simulated impedance bandwidth in single layer H-DRA; in
case-1, there is no coat means ε1 = 1 (air), while in the second case ε1 = ε2.
Fig.4. Simulated radiation pattern of single layer H-DRA, the
maximum gain was 9.87 dBi at 6.8 GHz.
(𝑥 < 0, ∅ = 180°) (𝑥 > 0, ∅ = 0°)
E- plane
(y < 0, ∅ = 270°) (y > 0, ∅ = 90°)
H- plane
 Single-Layer H-DRA

7. 7
Enhancement Methods and Results
Multi-Layer H-DRA
 Effect of Permittivity (𝜺 𝟏):  Effect of Dimension (𝐚 𝟐):
Fig. 6. Maximum impedance bandwidth as a design frequency (3-12
GHz), the effects of changing the a2=5, 7.5 and 10 mm other parameters
are the same as in Table 1.
Fig.5. Maximum impedance bandwidth a design frequency (3-12 GHz), the
effects of changing the ε1 = 2, 4.5 and 7.85. The other parameters are the
same as in Table 1.

8. 8
Enhancement Methods and Results
Multi-Layer H-DRA
 Effect of Annular Slot radius:
Fig. 7. Maximum impedance bandwidth as a design frequency (3-12 GHz), the effects
of varying in wA=0.5, 1 and 1.67 mm. The other parameters are the same as in Table
1.
 Resonant Modes:
(b)(a)
Fig.8. The magnetic distribution field inside the H-DRA that
operates in (a) TE113 at 7.2 GHz and (b) TE313 at 9.1 GHz
resonant modes of 38.5% operated impedance bandwidth.

9. 9
Conclusion
Fig.9. Simulated reflection coefficient of two-layer H-DRA in higher order
modes as a function of frequency: a1 =12.5mm, a2 =10mm,ε1=7.85 ε2=10,
rA=3mm and wA=1.67mm. The simulation of wideband impedance
bandwidth was 38.5% , two modes were observed.
(x<0, ∅=180°) (x>0, ∅=0°)
E- plane
(y<0, ∅=270°) (y>0, ∅=90°)
H- plane
Fig.10. Simulated radiation pattern of two-layer H-DRA at 7.2 GHz. As a function of
frequency: a1=12.5mm, a2=10mm, ε1=7.85 ε2=10, rA=3mm and wA=1.67mm. The
simulated impedance bandwidth was 38.5%.

10. 10
Conclusion
TABLE 2
Size and impedance bandwidth comparison between single and
multi-layer H-DRA
𝜺 𝒓
Size
Impedance
Bandwidth
(%)
Single-Layer
HDRA
10 10 mm 17.11%
Multi-Layer
HDRA
Inner
layer
Outer
layer 12.5 mm 38.5%
10 7.85
Differences --- 25% 125%
 To design an antenna with MM-Wave:
 Antenna Scaling (frequency scaling).
 Wanted impedance bandwidth (30 -47 GHz).
 By dividing all the parameters in Table 1
except a relative permittivity, The results will
remain the same, However the maximum
gain will reach up 10 dBi.

11. 11
Any Questions ?