8. HISTOLOGY
concerned with the composition and
structure of plant and animal tissues in
relation to their specialized functions. .
9. KEY TERMS
any of a group (Metazoa) that comprises
all animals having the body composed of
cells differentiated into tissues and
organs and usually a digestive cavity
lined with specialized cells
METAZOAN
10. KEY TERMS
any of a group (Metazoa) that comprises
all animals having the body composed of
cells differentiated into tissues and
organs and usually a digestive cavity
lined with specialized cells
METAZOAN
19. 1. Epithelial tissue
Consists of tightly packed sheets of cells that cover
surfaces including the outside of the body and line body
cavities.
20. 1. Epithelial tissue
Functions:
a. Protection – protect body from beneath the tissues beneath them from
drying out, mechanical injury and being invaded by microorganisms.
b. Absorption – every substance that enters the body must cross an
epithelial layer.
c. Sensation – sensory nerve ending in the epithelium; provide a sensory
surface
d. Secretion – Some are specialized to produce and discharge substances;
they are glands.
e. Excretion – kidney excrete waste products during the formation of
urine. Air sacs of lungs excrete waste gas, CO2.
21. 2. Connective tissue
It is made up of cells that secrete a large amount of
intercellular material.
Functions:
a. Binding material
b. Capsule for organs
c. Muscle attachment
d. Supportive framework
e. Fibroblast
22. Types of Connective Tissues:
1. Connective tissue proper
These are widespread in the body.
They are made up of few cells and great many extracellular fibers and a
fluid known as ground substance (called matrix) in which the fibers are
embedded.
Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
23. Types of Connective Tissues Proper :
a. Areolar connective tissue
Source: www.dartmouth.edu
They composed of fibers and wandering cells suspended in syrupy ground
substances.
They are located as attachment between the skin, underlying tissues and fat
cells (adipose tissues).
24. Types of Connective Tissues Proper :
b. Dense connective tissue
Source: courses.lumenlearning.com
They are made up of densely packed fibers. Some are made up of collagen.
They are found at the tendons attaching muscle to bone and ligaments
attaching bone to bone.
25. Types of Connective Tissues Proper :
c. Elastic connective tissue
Source: www.shutterstock.com
The structure consists of elastic fibers dotted with cells.
They provide strength to stretching and recoiling organs such as lung
tissues and arteries
26. Types of Connective Tissues Proper :
d. Reticular connective tissue
Source: education.med.nyu.edu
The structure consists of cells within a fine network of fibers (mostly
collagen), which they produced.
The cells and fibers are separated from each other by fluid- filled spaces.
They are located in the liver.
28. Types of Connective Tissues:
3. Supportive tissue
Features:
1. Highly vascularized
2. Have marrow-filled spaces
3. Very rigid because of mineral salts
Functions:
1. Supportive framework of the body
2. Movement and locomotion
3. Attachment of muscles
4. Blood formation
5. Protection of vital organs
6. Storage of minerals
Source: www.sciencetopia.net
29. Types of bone according to consistency
3. Supportive tissue
a. Compact bone (dense bone)
- found on the outer surface of the bone.
b. Spongy bone (cancellous bone)
- found at the inner surface of a long bone.
Source: www.ck12.org
- Bones have intracellular matrix consists of
protein fibers, salts of calcium phosphate and
calcium carbonate.
30. 3. Muscular tissue
It is the meat of the body made of elongated cells of fibers
specialized for contraction.
Types:
a. Smooth muscle – “viscera muscle tissue.” They are non-striated
and involuntary muscles.
b. Skeletal muscle
c. Cardiac muscle- It is described as the tireless and involuntary
tissue located in the heart.
Source: www.sciencelearn.org.nz
31. 4. Nervous tissue
It functions as reception of stimulus and reorganization to
give a response.
Components:
a. Neuron/nerve cell
b. Nerve fiber
c. Neuroglia/glia cell
Source: training.seer.cancer.gov
34. Reference:
Evangelista, Luisito T. (2017). General Biology 1 for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines: C
& E Publishing Inc.
Dasas, Louie B. (2017). Exploring Life Through Science Series: Senior High School, General Biology
1. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Ayuste, T.O & Oliva, M.D. (2017) General Biology 1: STEM Track. Makati: DIWA Learning Systems
Inc.
I. Printed Materials:
II. Online Materials:
Blanchard, S.(2005). Introduction to Biomedical Engineering (Second Edition): 2005, Pages 73-125
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780122386626500057
35. QUIZ
Which combined tissues are directly
involved when a boy kicks, a frog leaps or
a bird flies?
A. Bones and nerves
B. Blood and muscles
C. Muscles and bones
D. Nerves and muscles
36. QUIZ 1.
The following unicellular organisms are autotrophs except:
A. Algae
B. Plants
C. Euglena
D. Bacteria
37. QUIZ 2.
Because animals can move around to search for
water, their cells can afford to have _________.
A. Central vacuole
B. Bigger Vacuole
C. Small Vacuole
D. Cytoskeleton
38. QUIZ 3.
Bones provide strength and support because
their intercellular matrix consists of
A. protein fibers
B. salts of calcium phosphate
C. calcium carbonate
D. potassium carbonate
39. QUIZ 4.
Which of the following is not correct?
A. Virchow explained that all organisms are
made up of cells.
B. Prokaryotes carries out its life activities within
a single cell.
C. Scleiden, Virchow, and Schwann formulated
the cell theory.
D. Robert Hooke discovered the cell which is a
plant cell.
40. QUIZ 5.
Which of these types of cell that have
peptidoglycan on its cell wall?
A. Fungal cell
B. Bacterial cell
C. Plant cell
D. Animal cell
41. QUIZ 6.
Which of these types of cell that have chitin
on its cell wall?
A. Fungal cell
B. Bacterial cell
C. Plant cell
D. Animal cell
42. QUIZ 7.
There are three fundamental parts of cell theory,
which of the following is not included?
A. All organisms are made up of cells.
B. Basic unit of life is the cell.
C. All living cells are came from abiotic.
D. Cells are came from pre-existing cells.
43. QUIZ 8.
Why do we consider blood as a connective
tissue?
A. It consists of blood cells surrounded by nutrients.
B. It has an extra-cellular matrix called plasma.
C. It connects the body systems.
D. It can transport oxygen and removes the waste
products.
44. QUIZ 9.
The following are functions of epithelial tissue
except?
A. Supportive framework
B. Absorption
C. Sensation
D. Excretion
45. QUIZ 10.
What is the shape of the bacteria shown in the
picture?
A. Bacillus
B. Coccus
C. Vibrio
D. Helical
