Excretory system

1. Excretory System
General Description
>Submitted by:
Mehreen Arif
>Submitted to:
Ms. Rafiya Khan
>Course:- B.Ed. Semester:- II
>University:- Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah
University Rajouri.

2. The Excretory
System

3. The Excretory System
► is a passive biological system that removes excess,
unnecessary materials from an organism.
► Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from the
body, including toxic chemicals, excess water, carbon dioxide and
salts

4. Functions:-
1. Metabolic and toxic wastes removal
2. Collect water and filter body fluids
3. Helps maintain Homeostasis (stable internal state of the body)
4. Eradicates harmful chemical build-up

5. Metabolic wastes
Waste A by product of:
Carbon dioxide Cellular respiration
Salts Neutralization
Urea Protein metabolism,
Deamination
Water Dehydration synthesis and
respiration

6. Excretory Organs
►Lungs
►Liver
►Skin
► Urinary system

7. Liver
► Function is for deamination
A process by Which some proteins
and other nitrogenous compounds
are broken down in the liver.
As a result, urea is formed

8. Lungs
► A pair of cone-shaped, porous and spongy,
located in the chest that are composed of bronchioles,
alveoli, blood vessels, lymphatic, nerves and
elastics connective tissues.
► As an excretory organ,
it releases carbon dioxide
and some water vapor as
a waste product through respiration.

9. Skin
► secretes sweats Which
Is a mixture of three
Metabolic wastes : water,
Salts, and urea through the
sweat glands.
Two types :
► Eccrine
► Apocrine

10. Urinary System
► A group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out
excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream.
► Urination or Micturition is the act by Which urine
(combination of salt, water, and urea), is expelled from the
urinary bladder.

11. Functions
► Excretion of urine ►
Maintains an appropriate fluid volume
► Regulates the concentration of various electrolytes in the blood fluid
►Maintains normal pH of the blood

12. Components of urinary system
►Kidneys
►Ureters
► Urinary Bladder
► Urethra

13. Kidneys
► A pair of bean shaped, reddish brown organs about the size of your fist.
► Measures 10–12cm in length,5-7cm wide, and 2-5cm thick.
► Site of urine manufacture
Function
► Filter blood,
►process the filtrate to form urine,
► Produce hormones and enzymes that regulate
blood pressure and red blood cell production
► regulate blood pH.

14. 3 Major Regions
► Renal Cortex
• the outer layer with lots and lots of
nephrons
• The filtering layer
► Renal Medulla
• Middle layer
• The collecting layer
• Contains the renal pyramids
► Renal pelvis
• Center of the kidney
• The draining layer
• Connects with the Ureters

15. Kidney

16. Nephrons
• The basic structure and function unit of the kidney.
• Comes from the Greek word (nephros) meaning kidney.
• A long tubule with a series of associated blood vessels.
• Chief function is to regulate water and soluble substances.
• Each kidney has more than 1,000,000 of them
• Each nephron is made of a cup shaped portion called
Bowman’s capsule, tubules and a network of capillaries.

17. Structure of Nephron

18. How is urine formed
Three major process are involved in the formation of urine:
• Filtration – filter the blood to produce a filtrate
• Reabsorption – Selectively reabsorbs needed water and
essential solutes from the filtrate.
• Secretion – Move substances into the filtrate for
removal as part of the urine.

19. Ureters
• Two tubes that drain urine from
the kidney to the bladder .
• Each is a muscular tube about 10
inches (25 cm) in length and 3
mm in diameter

20. Urinary Bladder
• The urinary bladder is the that
collects urine excreted
the kidney
prior to disposal by urination.
• It is a hollow muscular, and
distensible ( or elastic) organs,
and sits on the pelvic floor.
• can hold approximately 17 to
18 ounces (500 to 530 ml) of
urine.

21. Urethra
• A tube which connects the urinary
bladder to the outside of the body.
• The function of the urethra is to
remove urine from the body
through urination.
• It measure about 1.5 inches
(3.8 cm in a women but up to 8
inches (20 cm) in a man.
• The urethra sphincter is a
collective name for the muscles
used to control the flow of
urine from the urinary bladder