2. 1
Introduction to Nitric Acid
Nitric acid is a highly corrosive and strong
mineral acid.
It is commonly used in industries such as
chemical manufacturing, explosives
production, and metal processing.
Nitric acid is also an important component
in the production of fertilizers and dyes.
3. 2
Chemical Properties of Nitric Acid
Nitric acid has a chemical formula HNO3
and a molar mass of approximately 63
g/mol.
It is a colorless liquid that emits a pungent
odor and can cause severe burns upon
contact.
Nitric acid is a strong acid, meaning it
readily dissociates in water to release
hydrogen ions (H+) and nitrate ions (NO3-).
4. 3
Uses of Nitric Acid in Industries
In the chemical industry, nitric acid is used
as a raw material for the production of
various chemicals, including ammonium
nitrate, nitrobenzene, and adipic acid.
It plays a crucial role in the manufacturing
of explosives, such as TNT (trinitrotoluene)
and nitroglycerin.
The metal processing industry relies on
nitric acid for processes like metal etching,
cleaning, and passivation.
5. 4
Nitric Acid in Fertilizer Production
Nitric acid is a key ingredient in the
production of fertilizers, particularly
ammonium nitrate, which is widely used in
agriculture.
Ammonium nitrate provides essential
nitrogen for plant growth and is highly
soluble, making it an effective fertilizer.
Nitric acid is also used to produce calcium
nitrate, another important fertilizer.
6. 5
Nitric Acid in Dye Production
Nitric acid is used in the production of dyes
and pigments, particularly for the synthesis
of azo dyes.
Azo dyes are widely used in the textile
industry for coloring fabrics, as well as in
other applications such as printing inks and
paints.
Nitric acid facilitates the formation of azo
compounds through diazotization reactions.
7. 6
Safety Precautions for Handling Nitric Acid
When handling nitric acid, it is essential to
wear appropriate personal protective
equipment, including gloves, goggles, and
a lab coat.
Nitric acid should be stored in a cool, well-
ventilated area away from flammable
substances and incompatible materials.
In case of contact with skin or eyes,
immediate rinsing with water is crucial,
followed by seeking medical attention.
8. 7
Environmental Impact of Nitric Acid
Nitric acid can contribute to air pollution
when released into the atmosphere, as it
reacts with pollutants to form smog and
acid rain.
Proper waste management and disposal
methods are essential to prevent
environmental contamination.
The production of nitric acid can also result
in the emission of greenhouse gases,
contributing to climate change.
9. 8
Nitric Acid Hazards and Handling Regulations
Due to its corrosive nature and potential
health hazards, the handling and
transportation of nitric acid are subject to
strict regulations and guidelines.
Regulatory bodies, such as the
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), provide guidelines
for the safe handling and storage of nitric
acid.
These regulations aim to protect workers,
the environment, and public health.
10. 9
Emergency Procedures for Nitric Acid Spills
In the event of a nitric acid spill, it is
important to contain the spill and prevent it
from spreading.
Neutralizing agents, such as sodium
bicarbonate, can be used to safely
neutralize small spills of nitric acid.
In case of a large spill or if there is a risk of
exposure, it is crucial to evacuate the area
and contact appropriate emergency
services.
11. 10
Conclusion
Nitric acid is a versatile and widely used
chemical with various industrial
applications.
Its strong corrosive nature and potential
hazards require careful handling and
adherence to safety regulations.
Understanding the properties and uses of
nitric acid is essential for safe and
responsible use in industries.
