History of AI

1. history of AI
3

2. 1943
The Gestation of A.I
1980
A.I becomes
industry
1966-73
Dose of reality
1942-69
Early Enthusiasm great
expectation
1969-79
Knowledge
based System
1987
AI adopts
scientific method
1986
Return of Neural
Network
1995
Emergence of
Intelligent agents
2001
Large data set
1956
Birth Of AI

3. The Gestation of A.I (1943-1955)

4. The Birth of A.I (1956)
 The 1956 Dartmouth conference was the moment that AI
gained its name. The Dartmouth conference of 1956 was
organized by Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy and two senior
scientists Claude Shannon and Nathan Rochester of IBM.

5. Early Enthusiasm, Great Expectations
(1952–1969)
1958
1976

6. A Dose of Reality (1966-1973)
Most Early programs knew nothing of their
subject matters
Fundamental limitations
Intracibility of many of the problems that AI was
attempting to solve

7. Knowledge Based System
(1969-1979)
 Domain specific knowledge allows larger reasoning steps and can more easily
handles typically occurring cases in narrow areas of expertise.
Dendral MYCIN

8. A.I Becomes an Industry
(1980-Present)
 The first successful commercial expert system , R1, began
operation at the digital equipment corporation. (McDermott,
1982)
 In 1981 the Japanese announced the “fifth generation”
project, a 10 year plan to build intelligent computers running
prolog.
 The A.I industry boomed from a few million dollars in 1980 to
billion of dollars in 1988, including hundreds of companies
building expert system, vision system, robots.

9. Return of Neural Network.
(1986-Present)
 In the mid 1980s atlaest four different
groups reinvented the back propagation
learning algorithm.
 Backpropagation is the essence of neural
net training , it is the method of fine tuning
the weights of a neural net based on the
error rate obtained in previous iteration.

10. A.I Adopts Scientific Method.
(1987-Present)
Hidden Markov Models
• Based on rigorous mathematical theory
Bayesian Network
• Efficient representation and rigrous
reasoning with uncertain knowledge.

11. 2001-present
Large Data sets
•Hays and Efros(2007) discuss the problem of
filling in holes in a photograph.
1995-present
The emergence of Intelligent Agents.
•Internet , internet tools: search engines

12. Thanks For
Watching
Reference:
Artificial Intelligence
A Modern Approach Third Edition
Peter Norvig and Stuart J. Russell
Next Topic:
The state of art AI today.
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