Pharmacology

1. An Assignment on
Anti-arrhythmic Drug
University of Science and Technology Chittagong
(USTC)
Submitted by
Md. Irfan Uddin
Roll:-1083
Reg:-1086
Course No:-PHR-306
Course Title:-Pharmacology-II
Date of Submission:-31/12/20
Submitted to
Mrs. Marjina ajrin
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmacy, University of
Science and Technology Chittagong
(USTC)
Department of Pharmacy

2. Arrhythmias are deviations from normal heartbeat pattern.They include
abnormalities of impulse formation,such as heart rate,rhythm,or site of impulse
origin and conduction disturbances,which disrupts the normal sequence of atrial and
ventricular activation.
Mechanism of arrhythmias:-
Three major mechanisms contribute to development of cardiac arrhythmias:
 Automaticity
 Reentry and
 Triggered activity.
Pathogenesis and inducement of arrhythmia:-
 Some physical condition
 Pathological heart disease
 Physical and chemical factors or toxicosis
 Electrolyte disturbance or acid-base imbalance.
Arrhythmia
Normal Electrical Activity in the Heart:-

4. Types of cardiac arrhythmias are:
MANAGEMENT
NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL
• Lifestyle changes
• Devices: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
• Cardioversion: This treatment can be chemical or electric
• Cardiac Ablation: A nonsurgical technique that neutralizes parts of the
abnormal electrical pathway that is causing the arrhythmia
Heart Beat Name
500 Atrial fibrillation
350 Atrial flutter
200 Paroxysmal TA
150 Simple tachyarrythmia
100
60
Normal range
40 Mild bradyarrhythmias
20 Moderate BA

5. • Cardiac Surgery:- Cardidc surgery is an invasive procedure where surgeons will
remove abnormal sites
Pharmacological:-
 Anti-arrhythmic drug

6. Quinidine
Historically, quinidine was the first antiarrhythmic drug used.
 Can cause proarrhythmic complications by prolonging the QT interval in
certain genetically predisposed individuals or by depressing conduction and
promoting reentry. Quinidine sulfate is also used to treat malaria.
INDICATIONS:-
 Maintain sinus rhythm in patients with atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation
 prevent recurrence of ventricular tachycardia or VF

7. Mechanism Of Action:-
side effects:-
Quinidine oral tablet doesn’t cause drowsiness, but it can cause other side effects.
More common side effects
Quinidine blocks
rapid inflow of Na+
during phase 0 of
action potential
Increased
depolarization
period
Increase action
potential
duration
Antiarrythmic
effect

8. The more common side effects that occur with quinidine include:
 diarrhea
 upset stomach
 lightheadedness
 headache
 tiredness
 feeling like your heart is beating faster
 chest pain
 dizziness
 skin rash
 blurred or double vision
Quinidine is contraindicated in patients with complete AV block, severe
intraventricular conduction defects, left bundle-branch block, or ventricular
ectopy.