Details about textile washing

Prepared by Md. Mazharul Islam
Student
Department of Textile Engineering
Primeasia university
Details about Washing (Textile)
RAW MATERIALS USED IN GARMENTS WASHING
 Caustic Soda (NaOH)
 Type : Alkali
 Unit price : Taka 20-30 per Kg
 Source : Clariant ( Switzerland ) / Dystar ( Germany )
 Uses : (Neutralize acidic materials, saponify glycerides
(Waxes and oils), solubilize silicate.
 Monthly requirements : 4050 kg (approximately)
 Soda Ash (Na2CO3)
 Type : Alkali
 Unit price : Taka 15-20 per kg
 Source : Dystar ( Singapore ) / Clariant ( Germany )
 Uses : Used to alkaline the solution/medium. Control PH
 Monthly requirements : 2000 kg (approximately).
 Wetting agent:
 Type : Combination of Detergent & Surfactant
 Uses : Reduce surface tension & minimize inter facial tensions.

Student
 Monthly requirements : 2000 kg (approximately) Anti-back
 Anti back staining agent:
 Source : India, China
 Uses : Prevent back staining
 Acetic Acid:
 Type : Organic acid
 Uses : Used to make solution/medium acidic. Control PH
 Sodium Hypo Chloride (NaOCl):
 Type : Oxidizing agent
 Source : India, China
 Uses : Used to uniform lightening of the colour of the indigo
Or sulphur dyed garments in bleach wash.

Student
 Bleaching Powder [Ca (OCl)Cl]:
 Type : Oxidizing agent
 Unit price : Taka 21-25 per kg (KCI, 33% Chlorine), Taka 105 per kg
(Japan, 65% Chlorine)
 Uses : Used to decolouration of fabric
 Monthly requirements : 3590 kg (KCI), 142 (Japan) (approximately)
 Enzyme:
 Type : Enzyme
 Unit price : Taka 320-450 per kg.
 Uses : remove the hairiness of the garment.
 Monthly requirements: 1500 kg (liquid), 1000 kg (powder) (approximately).
 Silicon:
 Type : Softener

Student
 Uses : Creates the fabric surface oily/ used for lubrication.
 Softener Flax:
 Type : Softener
 Uses : Soften fabric handling
 Potassium Permanganate:
 Type : Decolouration agent
 Unit price : Taka 80 to 370 per kg
 Source : India, Bangladesh
 Uses : Used to decolouration of fabric
 Monthly requirements: Locally purchased when required.
 Sodium Meta bi Sulphate:
 Type : De-chlorination agent
 Unit price : Taka 35 per kg
 Uses : Used to neutralize activity of chlorine on

Student
Fabric/solution
 Peroxide (H2O2):
 Type : Oxidising agent
 Uses : OH-
ions destroy the colouring material and improve
Whiteness
 Monthly requirements: 1000 kg (approximately)
 Common Salt:
 Type : Salt
 Unit price : Taka12 per kg
 Uses : Used as electrolyte for solution, improves shining of
Fabric.
RAW MATERIALS USED IN GARMENTS DYEING
The following raw materials are used in garments dyeing in addition to some of the raw materials
already listed above.

Student
 Dyestuff
 Type : Direct dye
 Unit price: Taka 300-1200 per Kg
 Source: Clariant ( Switzerland ) / Dystar ( Germany )
 Use: Cotton & Viscose garments dyeing.
 Monthly requirements: Depends on ordered quantity.
 Type: Reactive dye
 Unit price: Taka 275-850 per Kg.
 Use : Cotton & Viscose garments dyeing.
 Type : Pigment dye
 Use: Cotton & Viscose garments dyeing.
 Fixing Agent
 Use: Colour fixation.
 Dispersing agent

Student
 Use: Assists in the process of particle size reduction of dye.
Production Planning, Sequences & Operations
PRODUCTION FLOW CHART OF GARMENTS WASHING
Batching

Pre-treatment

Washing

Hydro Extraction

Drying

Quality Control

Storage
PROCESS TECHNIQUE OF SOME WASHING & GARMENTS DYEING

Student
NORMAL WASH: For Batch 60 PCs. Liquor 400 Liter
Step 01 Desizing Water is added (400 Lt)

Garments are added

Machine started running

200 gm Detergent added

Temperature raise to 60°C

Time 5-10 minutes

Drop the liquor

Add water and cold wash
Step 02 Softening Water is added (400 Lt)

Garments are added


Student

240 gm Softener added

Temperature Cold

Time 5-10 minutes

Drop the liquor

Unload garments on trolley
Step 03 Hydro Extracting:
Load the garments on m/c

R.P.M 700-900

Time 3-5 minutes

Unload the garments on trolley

Unload the garments

Student

Trolley
Step 04 Drying Load the garments on dryer m/c

Temp 60- 70°C

Time 40-50 minutes

Time 10-15 minutes for cold dry

Unload the garments

Quality checking
ENZYME-BLEACH WASH WITH TINTING:
Batch 60 PCs. Liquor 400 Litre


Student
Garments are added


500 gm Soda Ash added

500 gm Caustic Soda added

200 gm Bio. D added

Steam to raise temp 60°C

Process time 25 minutes

Drop liquor

Wash down twice
Step: 2 Enzyme wash Water is added (400 Lt)


200 ml liquid, 400 gm powder
Type Enzyme added


Student
150 ml Acetic Acid Added

200 gm Anti back added

10 Kg Peumic Stone added



Drop liquor
Step 03 Bleaching Water is added (400 Lt)


4 Kg KCI (35% Cl2) added





Student
Drop liquor
Step 04 Neutral Wash Water is added (400 Lt)


500 gm Hypo sulphide added



Drop liquor
Tinting Water is added (400 Lt)


0.02% Direct Brown GTL &
0.01% Direct Black V-200 added

4 Kg Salt added


Step 05

Student

Check Shade

Drop the liquor
Drying Garments are then taken out

Hydro extracted

Send to dryer for drying of garments.
CAUSTIC WASH:

Garments are added



320gm Caustic soda added
Step 06

Student


Time 20-60 minutes

Drop the liquor

Step 02 Neutral wash
Add water 300 lit

Temperature cold

Acetic acid 150gm added

Time 5 minutes
Step 02 Softening Water is added (400 Lt)


Student
Garments are added



200gm Acetic acid added

160gm silicon softener added

Temperature Cold

Time 15 minutes

Drop the liquor

Unload garments on trolley
Step 03 Hydro Extracting Load the garments on m/c

R.P.M 700-900

Time 3-5 minutes

Student

Step 04 Drying Load the garments on dryer m/c

Temp 60- 70°C

Time 40-50 minutes


Unload the garments

Quality checking
PIGMENT WASH:

Student
Water is added (400 Lt)

Garments are added



320gm Caustic soda added

600gm Soda ash added


Time 20-60 minutes

Drop the liquor


Garments are added
Step 01 Desizing
Step 02 Softening

Student



200gm Acetic acid added

160gm silicon softener added

Temperature Cold

Time 15 minutes

Drop the liquor
Step 03 Hydro Extracting Unlaod garments on trolley
Load the garments on m/c

R.P.M 700-900

Time 3-5 minutes


Student
Load the garments on dryer m/c

Temp 60- 70°C

Time 40-50 minutes


Unload the garments

Quality checking
ACID WASH:
Batch 100 pcs Liquor 500 liter
Step 04
Drying

Student

Garments are added






Drop liquor

Wash down twice
Step 02 Normal Wash Water is added (500 Lt)


Steam to raise temperature 40°C


Student

Drop liquor

Take out the garments

Hydro extract the garments

Dry the garments
Step 03 ACID Wash
Load the pre-treated & dried garments in another washing machine


Add stones soaked with potassium per magnate double the volume of garments

Continue machine running for 7 minutes

Unload the garments from the machine

Student
Step 04 Neutral Wash Load the garments into another washing machine



1.5 Kg detergent is added



Drop liquor


500 ml Auxalic Acid added


Check Shade

Step 05 Neutral Wash

Student
Drop the liquor

Garments are then taken out

Hydro extracted

Send to dryer for drying of garments.

Student
COTTON GARMENTS DYEING PROCESS (Sample Dyeing)
Batch 1.4 kg liquor 14 liter

Garments are added




100 gm Bio. D added


Process time 45~60 minutes

Drop liquor

Student




Drop liquor
Water is added 14 litre

Start machine running

Added 1 litre H2O2

50 gm Stabilizer added


Step 02 Hot Wash
Step 03 Scouring
& Bleaching

Student

100 gm Bio-D added

Process temp 80° C


Drop the liquor




Drop liquor

Step 04 Hot Wash
Step 05 Neutral Wash

Student

200 ml Acetic Acid added


Drop the liquor
Step 06 Dyeing Water is added (14 Lt)

Start machine running

560 gm Salt is added

Reactive dye (T. Blue. G) - 0.2% &
Drimerine – Blue K2RL-0.03% is added

20% Soda Ash is added

Processing temp 80° C

Processing time 60 minutes


Student
Drop the liquor


1 % Detergent is added



Drop liquor

Again Add water of 14 litre


Drop liquor

Unload the Garments

Hydro extractor
Step 07 Washing

Student

Drying
DRY PROCESS:
 Hand scraping
 Sand blasting
 Whiskering
 Grinding
 Destroy
 P.P spray
 Resin application
 Wrinkle (permanent)
 Overall wrinkle
Hand Scraping:
Hand scraping is generally being done in rigid form of garments to get distress look. Locations can be
front thigh & back seat or it can be over all as per standard. Emery paper is being used to scrape the
garments in particular placement & design. Emery paper comes in different number generally starts
from 40 till 800 and above, higher the number finer the emery paper, lower the coarseness of the
paper. In garments industry from 220, 320& 400 numbers papers are most popular & widely used.
The most important factor is to select right number of paper according to the fabric strength &
intensity need.
Whiskering:
 We need a rubber board.

Student
 Design should be placed on rubber board.
 Then the board is placed inside the garments
 Hand rubbing is done on the upper side of the garments.
 After wash design produced.
 It may be rectangular or circular.
 Wet wash is must.
Grinding:
Grinding is done on pocket edges & bottom hems edges by running against abrasion surface or stone
to achieve worn out effect. Many different make of machines & pen grinding tools are available in
the market which runs with pneumatic system.
Fig: Operation of Grinding m/c.
Destroy:
One o the most popular distressing effect currently. Destruction is an art which makes denim look
unique and used. To make destruction pen type stone tools being used in mid of wash process to
apply on desired area. It can also be achieved by cutting it through knife the warp yarns & keep the

Student
weft yarn as is to show white thread. These are manual processes & every garments will look unique
& different than others.
Fig: Applying destroy Process.
P.P Spray:
PP spray is done on denim garments to achieve local abraded area to appear whiter than back ground
indigo color shade. This can be applied by spray gun or by towel dipped into pp solution & rubbed on
desired area followed by neutralization in wet wash process. This process done in rigid after doing
hand scrape or in the middle of the wash. Doing after bleach or enzyme cycle will give more natural &
white effect than doing in rigid form. There are many additives that can be added in order achieve
desired intensity and outlook.
The same way bleach solution can also be spray or rubbed on the garments on desired area. But this
process is more complicated & needed high skilled operator to execute it followed by immediate
neutralization.

Student
Fig: P.P Spraying on a denim pant.
Resin Application:
Resin being used for achieving 3D effect, rigid look etc. this process can be done by spraying or
dipping the garments into resin , catalyst, silicone, PU solution in right combination according to the
fabric strength & desired effect needed.
After application of resin solution in right proportion, make manual designing as needed on the thigh
hip & back knee area to get 3D effect. After making it, it should be dried with hot press or by hair
dryer & then must be cured in woven at right temperature, time as mentioned in resin product
manual.

Student
Fig: Application of resin.
Permanent wrinkle:
This is one of the most popular dry process recently and being done on front thigh, front knee, and
back knee. Resin is applied on the required area where wrinkle is to be done. Then garments are
squeezed by machine or by hand and clip is placed on the design to keep in original design. Then
garments with the resin are kept in woven for half an hour for permanency of wrinkle. Next wet is
done as per buyer demand.

Student

Details about textile washing

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Details about textile washing

Similar to Details about textile washing (20)

More from Mazharul Islam

More from Mazharul Islam (14)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Details about textile washing