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US Presidents timeline
- 1. George Washington 1789-97 December 15,1791 Ratification of the bill of rights August 18, 1793 Signed Jay’s treaty - Treaty of Amity , Commerce and Navigation “99% of failures come from people who make excuses.” December 23 1789 Establishment of the United States Treasury 1794 Whiskey Rebellion September 17, 1796 Farewell Address John Adams 1797-1801 “If conscience disapproves, the loudest applauses of the world are of little value.” July 22, 1797 Commencement of US Mint January 8, 1798 The Eleventh amendment to the constitution is ratified April 7, 1798 Signs Act establishing the Mississippi Territory on land acquired from Spain though the Treaty of Madrid in 1795. April 4, 1800 Signs the bankruptcy Acts which is repealed by Congress in 1803 February 13, 1801 Signs the Judiciary Act of 1801 reorganizing the federal judiciary
- 2. Thomas Jefferson 1801-09 April 30,1803 Louisiana Purchase Treaty signed in Paris June 15, 1804 The Twelfth Amendment ratified - separates votes for President and Vice-President January 20, 1801 Nominates John Marshall to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court April 18, 1806 “Non-importation Act” , prohibiting British imports in protect against the impressment of American sailors January 9, 1809 Signs Enforcement Act, forbidding any movements of goods with the goals of exporting them James Madison 1809-17 August 6, 1810 Third census almost doubling the population counted in the first census of 1790. April 8, 1812 Signs the bills admitting the State of Louisiana to the Union August 24, 1814 Washington D.C. invaded by British. The White house is set of fire. February 18, 1815 Proclaims the ratification of the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812 December 11, 1816 The State of Indiana is admitted to the Union. “Timid men prefer the calm of despotism to the tempestuous sea of liberty.” "If men were angels, no government would be necessary."
- 3. John Monroe 1817-25 January 1,1819 The panic of 1819 - Real Estate value, Cotton price collapse - severe credit contraction/ March 6, 1820 Missouri Compromise (Maine as free state, Missouri as slave state and restrict slavery to state south of the latitude 36° 30’ north December 3, 1818 Illinois is admitted as the twenty first state to the Union. December 14, 1818 Alabama is admitted as the twenty-second state to the union December 2, 1823 Monroe Doctrine announced January 1, 1825 Concedes to Indian removal John Quincy Adams 1825-29 October 26, 1825 Erie Canal completed. First passage of the canal from Lake Erie to New York (363 miles). July 4, 1826 Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, founding fathers die March 1, 1827 Ports closed to British over contention over tariffs navigation and duties January 1, 1828 Mexican boundary settlement May 11, 1828 Tariff of Abominations (high tariffs on raw materials) "Courage and perseverance have a magical talisman, before which difficulties disappear and obstacles vanish into air." "The best form of government is that which is most likely to prevent the greatest sum of evil"
- 4. Andrew Jackson 1829-37 December 10,1832 Nullification proclamation forbidding states and local governments from nullifying federal laws December 1, 1834 National debt termination freeing the United States of foreign and domestic obligations after the Treasury reserves are used. May 26, 1830 Indian Removal act forcing the relocation of indian tribes west of Mississippi river March 1, 1833 Force Bill - Use of army to enforce federal law in South Carolina March 1, 1837 Recognized Texas independence declared one year earlier. Martin Van Buren 1837-41 May 10, 1837 The Panic of 1837 - Collapse of credit facility, suspension of payments, aggravated by the depression in England. November 1, 1837 Rebellion in in Lower and Upper canada against british sympathetic volunteers. September 11, 1838 Commision to settle dispute claims with Mexico August 26, 1839 U.S.S. Washington seizes the mutinous ship Amistad. Hearing begins on September 19, 1840 July 4, 1840 Independent Treasury Act (repealed by the Whigs in 1841). Break the relationship of the Treasury department and all banks "It is easier to do a job right than to explain why you didn't." "It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to their own selfish purposes."
- 5. William H. Harrison 1841 March17. 1841 Special Session of Congress on the national economy March 9, 1841 U.S. Supreme Court rules in favor of the Amistad mutineers. April 4 1841 Died of pneumonia John Tyler 1841-45 September 11, 1841 Cabinet resigns expect Secretary of State after vetoes of the second bill for the National bank establishment August 9, 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty normalizing U.S.- British relation April 12, 1844 The Texas Annexation Treaty signed by the United States and the Republic of Texas May 24, 1844 First telegraph line completed between Washington D.C and Baltimore May 4, 1841 National Day of Mourning June 8, 1844 Texas Annexation Treaty fails short of two-third majority in the sensation and the question over the western expansion of the nation "I contend that the strongest of all governments is that which is most free." “The liberties of a people depend on their own constant attention to its preservation."
- 6. James K. Polk 1845-49 May13, 1846 Congress declares war on Mexico after clash between American troup with Mexican troop on the north bank of the Rio Grande June 15, 1846 The Oregon Treaty - the 49th parallel as the border between American and British. July 1, 1845 Manifest Destiny - the expansion of the Union throughout the American continents was inevitable. August 10, 1846 Smithsonian institution established February 2, 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - Ending the mexican war and granting new territories to the United States - California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming Zachary Taylor 1849-50 August 11, 1849 Proclamation to warn American citizens in participating in Cuba armed invasion April 22, 1850 Send the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty for Senate ratification - Neither Britain and United States have exclusive rights for canal connecting Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in Nicaragua or Panama June 3, 1850 Advice Senatve about efforts to organize Cuba invasion "I have no private purpose to accomplish, no party objectives to build up, no enemies to punish-nothing to serve but my country" “No president who performs his duties faithfully and conscientiously can have any leisure." July 7, 1850 Death from gastroenteritis
- 7. Millard Fillmore 1850-53 October 24,1850 National women’s right convention held in Worcester , MA to discuss opportunities for woman in the society September 20, 1850 Congress passed the Compromise of 12850 written by senator Henry Clay admitting CA as free state and Utah/New Mexico organized based on popular soverignty September 18, 1850 Congress pass the Fugitive Slave Bill” prohibiting any help to fugitive slaves November 14, 1851 Moby Dick from Melville Herman is published March 2, 1853 Transcontinental railroad is authorized . It will take six years to complete Franklin Pierce 1853-57 December 30, 1853 Gadsden purchase - Acquire more than 45000 square miles of northern Mexico May 30, 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act, reopening the question of slavery in the West by repealing the Missouri Compromise and use the popular sovereignty for Kansas and Nebraska February 10, 1855 National laws amended to guarantee American citizenship to asll children born abroad from U.S. parents May 22, 1856 Sumner-Brooks Affair - Representative Preston Brooks (D-SC) attacks abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner on the Senate floor August 1, 1856 “Bleeding Kansas persists "While men inhabiting different parts of this vast continent cannot be expected to hold the same opinions, they can unite in a common objective and sustain common principles." “The law is the only sure protection of the weak, and the only efficient restraint upon the strong."
- 8. James Buchanan 1857-61 January 4,1858 Lecompton constitution - (Attempts to bring Kabas to the union as slave state) defeated October 16, 1859 Harper’s Ferry Raid - Unsuccessful raid by John Brown to establish an abolitionist republic in the Appalachians March 6, 1857 Dred Scott Decision - slaves are not citizens and slavery cannot be prohibited December 18, 1860 Crittenden compromise - last attempt to compromise to keep the Southern states in the Union December 20, 1860 South Carolina secedes - unanimously voted - 169-0 Abraham Lincoln 1861-65 April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter - South Carolina’s Confederates army open fire on federal arsenal March 9, 1862 Ironclad warfare establishing the Union’s naval superiority over the Confederacy January 1, 1863 Application of the Emancipation proclamation - Free all the slaves in contested areas January 31, 1865 House passes the Thirteenth Amendment April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth shoots President Lincoln at the Ford’s theater "America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter and lose our freedoms, it will be because we destroyed ourselves." “The ballot box is the surest arbiter of disputes among free men.."
- 9. Andrew Johnson 1865-69 March 27,1866 Vetoes the Civil Rights Act to provide freedmen with citizenships. Senate and House of Representatives overrides the veto few weeks later. June 19,1866 Fourteenth Amendment passed by the Congress December 2, 1865 Black code: Mississippi attempts to restrict the rights of African American March 5, 1868 Impeachment trial beginning presided by Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase. Failed to convict President Johnson by 1 vote July 9, 1868 Submits Burlingame Treaty between United States and China to Senate Ulysses S.Grant 1869-77 May 19, 1869 Signs legislation establishing 8-hour work day for federal employee. February 3, 1870 Signs the 15th Amendment to the constitution granting the right to vote to black males. January 14, 1875 Signs the resumption Act returning to the gold standard. March 1, 1875 Civil rights Act passed August 1, 1876 Colorado (38th state) enters the union "The most confident critics are generally those who know the least about the matter criticized.." “Honest conviction is my courage; the Constitution is my guide."
- 10. Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881 June18, 1878 Army Appropriation Acts to prohibit the use of the US Army to execute the laws January 1, 1879 Resume gold payments to civil war Greenbacks April 4, 1877 Orders away any federal troops from Southern states marking the end of the reconstruction October 15 1879 Signed the Act to allow Women to practice before the Supreme Court November 17, 1880 Negotiated 2 treaties with China - Trade and Immigration “Conscience is the authentic voice of God to you" References: List of President - https://www.historynet.com/us-presidents/ GoodRead - https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes The White House - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/ National Constitution Center - https://constitutioncenter.org/ Office of Historian - https://history.state.gov/ History - https://www.history.com/ The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ Quotes: Millard Fillmore : States of the Unions Addresses, James Buchanan : States of the Unions Addresses, Andrew Johnson: Andrew Johnson (1967). “The Papers of Andrew Johnson: February-July 1866”, p.151, Univ. of Tennessee Press Ulysses Grant : Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant”,