This document provides an overview of key events and developments in the United States between the 1820s and 1850s. It discusses the Monroe Doctrine, the Missouri Compromise, Andrew Jackson's presidency, Indian removal including the Trail of Tears, and reforms in education, treatment of the mentally ill, abolition, women's rights, and religion.

1. Manifest Destiny
1820s-1850s

2. Nationalism and Sectionalism
• What do these words mean?

3. James Monroe (1817-1825)
• Virginian (last of the Virginia Dynasty)
• Strong Cabinet (Calhoun= Sec. of War, J.Q.
Adams= Sec. of State)

4. Lettin’ the Good Times Roll
• “Era of Good Feelings” during James Monroe’s
presidency
– Short period of political harmony

5. American System

6. Transportation
• John C. Calhoun
“Let us bind the Republic together with a perfect
system of roads and canals.” (1817)

7. Life without transportation
• Take 3 min. and imagine what life would be
like without roads, canals and trains
• Discuss with your partner

8. We need more American land
• In 1818 set the border with Canada
• In 1819 the Adams-Onís Treaty gives us
Florida

9. Panic of 1819
• State banks (and the Fed) make loans based
on money that is not worth its value

10. Economic Cycle

11. The Panic was bad…
• In Philadelphia land was valued at $150 an
acre in 1815
• It was valued at $35 in 1819

12. Missouri and Slavery
• 1819 was the year of the first major slavery
debate
• There are 11 slave states and 11 free states in
1819 (perfect balance)

13. “… and what do you wanna be
when you grow up?”
• Missouri wants to enter the Union
• Will it be slave or free?

14. Tallmadge Amendment
• 1819, no more slave imports & gradual
emancipation
• Approved in the House, shot down in the
Senate

15. Missouri Compromise
• Missouri enters as slave, Maine enters as free
• No new slave states above 36° parallel

17. Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• The Americas (Latin America) “are henceforth
not to be considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European power.”
Stay on your
side!!!

18. Election of 1824 (A biggie!)
No one wins a majority in the
Electoral College

19. The “Corrupt Bargain”
• Adams or Jackson??
• Henry Clay (fellow Westerner) uses influence
to get John Quincy Adams to win

20. • Henry Clay is immediately named Adams’ Sec.
of State
• Jackson smells a “corrupt bargain” (selling the
presidency to the highest bidder)

21. • In response Jackson decided to try new
political tactics to gain votes
– Traveling the country and giving speeches
– Portraying himself as a “common man”

22. Voter Requirements

23. Increases

24. • With the help of Martin Van Buren, Jackson
has enough support to run in 1828

25. Election Time (1828)

26. • 1828 splits the Democratic-Rep. party in two
– Those who support Jackson = Democrats
– Those in opposition to Jackson= Whigs
Democratic-
Rep.
Democrats
Nat.
Republicans
-> WHIGS

27. The New “Jackson Coalition”
• Planter elite in the South
• People on the Frontier
• State politicians (spoils system)
• Immigrants in the cities

28. Nationalism in the Courts

29. Fletcher v Peck (1810)
• Can the states nullify individual contracts?
• NO! This protects ind. rights over states’ rights

30. McCullough v Maryland (1819)
Federal
DOMINATES
State

31. Marshall quote from McCulloch v
Maryland (1819)
• “The question is, in truth, a question of
supremacy. And if the rights of the states to
tax the means employed by the general
government be conceded [given away], the
declaration that the Constitution, and the laws
made in pursuance thereof, shall be the
supreme law of the land, is empty and
unmeaning…”

32. Dartmouth College v Woodward
(1819)
• New Hamp. wants to change
the charter of Dartmouth
• Marshall rules in favor of
the college

33. Gibbons v Ogden (1823)
• Who can regulate interstate commerce?
• The feds, of course!

34. Worcester v Georgia (1832)
• Cherokee appeal to the Supreme for
protection
• Fed. Gov’t will protect NAs from any state
laws that infringe on their rights

35. Indian Removal Act (1830)
• Jackson’s message to Congress
• “…I suggest for our consideration the propriety of
setting apart an ample district west of the
Mississippi, and without [outside] the limits of any
state or territory now formed, to be guaranteed to
the Indian tribes as long as they shall occupy it, each
tribe having a distinct control over the portion
designated for its use.”

36. Trial of Tears
• Five Civilized Tribes sent to OK (800 mi)
• The Cherokee refuse!!

38. Cherokee Removal
• Cherokee appeal to the Supreme Court in
1832, and they win!
• Chief John Ross

39. Forced Removal
• 1838 President Van Buren sends US army to
make the Cherokee move

40. • “I know what it is to hate. I hate those white soldiers
who took us from our home. I hate the soldiers who
make us keep walking through the snow and ice
toward this new home that none of us ever wanted. I
hate the people who killed my father and mother. I
hate the white people who lined the roads in their
woollen clothes that kept them warm, watching us
pass. None of those white people are here to say they
are sorry that I am alone. None of them care about
me or my people. All they ever saw was the colour of
our skin. All I see is the colour of theirs and I hate
them.” - Samuel Cloud

41. Reform
• Education- Horace Mann
• Teacher training and money towards
education

42. Mentally Ill
• Mentally Handicapped- Dorthea Dix
• Visited prisons and conducted studies

43. Abolition
• Grimké Sisters
• Sojourner Truth

44. Abolition
• William Lloyd Garrison
• Frederick Douglas
• David Walker
• John Brown

45. Women’s Rights
• Lucretia Mott
• Susan B. Anthony
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Harriet Beecher Stowe???

46. Utopia
• Brook Farm
• New Harmony

47. Transcendentalism
• Henry David Thoreau (Walden)
• Ralph Waldo Emerson

48. Hudson River school

49. Religion
• Baptists Quakers Shakers
• Methodists Mormons