CCSS Standard _____________ OR STATE Standard Social Studie

CCSS Standard: _____________ OR STATE Standard:
Social Studies____
Standard (include identifying numbers):
7C.11: Identify the causes, challenges, and the effects of the
Industrial Revolution, as well as Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin,
Edmund Cartwright's power loom, as well as James Watt's
steam engine, and the inventors and innovations that helped
contribute to the Industrial Revolution and how it impacted the
economy, culture, and the way products were transported.
Prerequisite Skills
1. Describe events from Industrial Revolution in the United
States.
2. Recognize events leading up to the Industrial Revolution.
3. Recognize the difficulties that folks endured.
4. Recognize the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the
economy, society, and culture.
5. During the Industrial Revolution, identify innovators and
their innovations.
6. Identify several modes of transportation used throughout the
Industrial Revolution, such as canals, roads, and railways.
Student-friendly
Key Terms (vocabulary) Definition
language
Industrial Revolution

Transportation
Inventor/Innovator
Economy
Power Loom
Era noted around 1760 England when the structure of the
economy changed economically and socially. Eventually the
impact spread to other nations, marked primarily by the
replacement of handheld tools with power-driven machines
became more powerful.
Cars, trucks, planes and other modes of travel used to move

products and people from one location to another, and the many
mechanisms by which such mobility is done, like the steam
engine and loom.
A person who develops or finds a new technique, form, device,
or other beneficial means, which is referred to as an innovation.
The prudent management of money, resources, and
manufacturing equipment.
Apparatus used in the industrialization of weaving during the
Industrial Revolution, invented by Edmund Cartwright.
Period of time when factories replaced manufacturing goods in
houses and small businesses.
A vehicle capable of transporting people or commodities from
one location to another.
Someone who has made something
The flow of money in a state, city, or country.
A machine that wove cloth.
Student-friendly

Key Verbs (skills) Definition
language
Indicate
Contribute
To make known
Giving money or items to help a cause
To show or tell something will occur..
Purposeful giving.
“I Can” statements in student-friendly language
• I can describe the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
began and how it spread to the USA.
• I know how the Industrial Revolution affected our economy,
culture, and society.
• I can describe the influence of the Industrial Revolution on
innovators and their innovations.
• I'm able to track the evolution of the production system.
Essential Questions
• How did the Industrial Revolution get started? What sparked it
off?
• How long has it been going on in the United States?
• How long did it go on for?
• What mode of conveyance was employed to move the goods?
• What was the state of the economy at the time of the Industrial
Revolution? Cultural?
• What is a key piece of information regarding the Industrial

Revolution?
• What factors influenced the growth of towns and cities during
and after the Industrial Revolution?
Guatemala
Lesbia Bonilla
1
Introduction:
Guatemala:
Is a small country located in Central America, surrounded by
countries like Mexico, El Salvador and Honduras along with
Belize in the Northeast.
The Pacific Ocean in the south and the Caribbean Sea bordering
the Gulf of Honduras.
Rationale: Guatemala is the country I have chosen for my final
project. One of the reasons is that I spend five years living there
and it's a country with beautiful people, culture and amazing
food.
2

Natural Hazards/Climate
Guatemala is tropical, hot, humid in lowlands and cooler in
highlands.
Numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent
earthquakes.
Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other
tropical storms.
Sociocultural Environment
Power Distance: Score 95
Inequalities
Unapproachable managers
Hierarchical
Patriarchal
4
Individualism: Score 6
Collectivistic culture
Strong identity
Indirect communication, need for harmony
Avoids open conflict
Moral base is priority
Invest to stablish a trusting relationship
Indirect feedback
5

Masculinity: Score 37
Highly driven by competition
Strong masculinity culture
Caring for others, quality of life are dominant values
Consensus is value
Sympathy for the underdog
Leisure is important
6
Uncertainty Avoidance: Score 98
Strong in rituals
Religious
Ambiguity
Emotions are openly expressed
Extensive rules but not followed
7
Country Composition
8

Major Religion
Roman Catholic Evangelical Other Atheist None
Unspecified 0.41699999999999998
0.38800000000000001 2.7E-2 1E-3
0.13800000000000001 2.9000000000000001E-2
Age Structure
0-14 years 15-24 years 25-54 years 55-64 years 65
years and over 0.33679999999999999 0.1976
0.36449999999999999 5.4100000000000002E-2 4.7E-2
0-14 years 15-24 years 25-54 years 55-64 years
65 years and over 0 0 0 0 0 0-14 years
15-24 years 25-54 years 55-64 years 65 years and
over 0-14 years 15-24 years 25-54 years 55-64 years
65 years and over
Country Composition
Literacy 81.5% age 15 and over can read and writeUrbanization
52.2% of total population (2021), 2.59% annual rate of change
(2020-25 est.)Populated cities2.935 million GUATEMALA
CITY (capital) (2020)EducationEducation expenditure 3.2% of
GDP 92019)
9

Major Religion
Language: Spanish (69.9%) Maya languages (29.7%)
Nonverbal: In a business setting man greet men with a
warm shake of hands while maintaining direct eye contact with
one another. Meanwhile, friends and close acquaintances share a
hug and a kiss on the cheek among women.
Values and Communication
ñ
10
In business situations Guatemalans understand the importance
of arriving on time to meetings.
Business breakfast and lunches are preferred to dinners.
Guatemalans referred to their elders by their titles as a show of
respect
It is a custom to interreact in social conversation before talking
business.
Spend time developing a friendship before starting business
negotiations.

Business Etiquette
11
Sociocultural Environment: Observation Deck
Business Observations
As an act of respect, it is recommended to allow the host to
begin the business discussion.
Decisions are usually from the top down and can be lengthy
before they are reached.
Top executives are in charge of most of the decision-making.
However, this can be a lengthy process.
Guatemalans need to build a harmonious relationship before
talking business, so avoid abruptly persuasive selling, as it
could create confrontation..
Guatemalans might not be direct when communicating as they
respond best to indirect communication style.
Business negotiations can be slow expect to take several trips to
finalize a transaction.
12
Political-Legal Environment
Government OverviewType of Government Democracy -
Political LeadersAlejandro Giammattei, president electPolitical
Pressure (or Opposition) GroupsPC – Citizen Prosperity
PHG – Partido Humanista de Guatemala

VALOR - ValueCurrent Governing RulerPresident Giammattei
13
CorruptionBribe IndexRank: N/A
Score: 28%Corruption Perception IndexRank: 149/180
Score: 25/100OECD Anti-Bribery ConventionEnforcement:
LowControl of CorruptionRank: 26.92% in 2019
14
Political-Legal Environment: Observation Deck
Political pressure groups are organizations set up to influence
government public opinion, but they are easily created and
dissolved, that has been the case with some parties represented
in the last election, which are no longer exist.
Corruption report shows Guatemala with a high corruption risk.
Guatemala has very low ranking of control of corruption
(26.92%).
Bribes are often exchanged to obtain favorable decisions. It has
been reported that business executives perceive the courts to be
inefficient in settling disputes. Business should be aware and
remain alert as the CPI is high.
Unfortunately, for some businesses, there is very little support
from the government.
15

Economic-Infrastructural Environment
Economic Measures
Minimum wage: set by the commission 2500 GTQ/Month
($322.50 approximately)
Working hours: the ordinary workday cannot exceed 8 hours.
Guatemala currency: QuetzalesRateTypeWhich goods or
services12%StandardAll other taxable goods and services,
including imports5%ReducedFlat rate for small
businesses0%ZeroExports0%ExemptEducation; Resales of real
estate; basic foodstuffs; limited range of financial services and
insurance
Sales Tax
16
The standard VAT rate in Guatemala is 12%. Guatemalan
taxpayers must produce invoices for all taxable transactions,
including exports. These must be government-approved invoices
which are processed through the Facturación Electrónica
(termed ‘FACE’) system.
Trade Policies
The US agricultural and food products face import issues when
agricultural trading with Guatemala
These issues include 1) Customs regulations; 2) Sanitary and
phytosanitary certifications; 3) Product fortification
requirements, and 4) Product samples.

17
Economic-Infrastructural Environment: Observation Deck
It seems that Guatemala has a low minimum wage. However,
employment laws are progressive for the region. Perhaps
bringing new business could help the economy and improve
wages for employees.
Government intervention in international trade has a negative
impact on businesses. According to the 2020 world bank doing
business survey, Guatemala rank 99 for starting a business,
which is not high but still manageable.
There are some import issues like customs regulations that
result in higher tariff rates. Sanitary requirements that need to
be met with proper inspection and certifications.
18
Economic-Infrastructure Environment
Interest Rates1.75%Unemployment (Central Intelligence
Agency, 2021)2.3 % (2017)Inflation (Central Intelligence
Agency, 2021)3.7% (2019 est.)GDP real growth rate (Central
Intelligence Agency)2.8 (2017 est.)Exchan ge Rates (Central
Intelligence Agency, 2021)quetzales (GTQ) per US dollar –
7.323 (2017est.)Exchange Rate regime (International Trade
Centre, 2021) FloatingGDP (Central Intelligence) 1.41 billion
(2020)Labor Force (Central intelligence Agency, 2021)6.664
million (2017 est.)Major Industries (Central Intelligence
Agency, 2021)
textiles, furniture, petroleum, sugar, flowers, fruits and
vegetables, processed foods, and chemicals. Some of the most
widely grown agricultural crops in )Guatemala include: coffee,
bananas, nutmeg, and cane sugar. FDI Rates (International

Trade Centre, 2021)
1,169.33
thousands (in-flow as of 2019)
19
Economic-Infrastructure EnvironmentMajor
Airports/SeaportsAeropuerto Internacional La Aurora de la
ciudad de Guatemala
Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de CastillaRailway Stations
(Government websites)note: despite the existence of a railway
network, all rail service was suspended in 2007, and no
passenger or freight train currently runs in the country
(2018)Internet Users (Central Intelligence Agency,
2021)10,777,827Mobile Providers (expat.com)Claro, Movistar,
TigoLogistics Performance Index Rating (The World Bank,
2021)Rank: 125
Score: 2.41
20
Economic-Infrastructure Environment Observation Deck
Business Observation
Unemployment and inflation are high compared to the United
States. However, foreign business still feels motivated to do
business.
Market conditions in Guatemala are stable, and that’s how the
exchange rate moves.

Guatemala has one major airport and several port cities that can
be useful for shipping and distribution, but not railways
available, making distribution to other areas a bit difficult.
A customs union within Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador
is a practical system to transport merchandise.
21
Economic Integration
Major Trading Partners
Exports: United States, Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras,
European union.
Imports: United States, China, Mexico, European Union, El
Salvador
Cultural Awareness
22
Major Exports:

Bananas, raw sugar, coffee, cardamom, palm oil
23
Exports
Agricultural products Manufactures Fuels and mining
products Other 50.5 44.2 5.3 0.1
Major Imports:
Refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, packaged
medicines, cars, delivery trucks.
24
Exports

Imports
Agricultural products Fuels and mining products
Manufactures 16.3 17.899999999999999 0.4
Final Recommendations
Market Entry Strategies
The company could take advantage of Guatemalan’s location
and neighbor countries. Arriving on time and socializing before
talking business are some of the excellent business etiquettes
that could be helpful when starting negotiations. The interest
rate at 1.75% could benefit all other taxable goods and services,
including imports, at 12%. A monthly income of $322.50 is
affordable labor and creating more jobs could help the high
number of unemployed people go down. Agriculture products
are one of the highest exports of Guatemala, telling us about the
region’s good weather.
Cultural Awareness:
Guatemala is made of a society in which power is
predominantly held by men. Language could be a barrier.
Corruption and the way extensive rules are created but not
follow could be an issue that needs to be reconsider.
25
References
Central Intelligence Agency. (2021). The World Factbook:
Guatemala. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/

Corruption by country/Guatemala. (2021). Transparency
International. https://www.transparency.org/en/
Cultural crossing guide. (2017). Culture Crossing Guide.
https://guide.culturecrossing.net/basics_business_student_detail
s.php?Id=22&CID=87
Guatemala corruption report. (2020, August). Risk and
Compliance
Portal. https://www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-
profiles/guatemala/
26
References
Guatemala - Country Commercial Guide. (2021, August).
International Trade Administration.
https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/guatemala-
market-overview
Guatemalan VAT rates and VAT compliance. (2021). Avalara.

https://www.avalara.com/vatlive/en/country-guides/south-
america/guatemala/guatemalan-vat-rates-and-
vatcompliance.html#:~:text=The%20standard%20VAT%20rate%
20in%20Guatemala%20is%2012%25.,
Guatemala - Market Opportunities. (2019). Export.Gov.
https://www.export.gov/apex/article2?id=Guatemala-Market-
Opportunities
27
References
Hofstede, G. (2015). Guatemala - Geert Hofstede. Geert-
hofstede.com. Retrieved from Country Comparison - Hofstede
Insights (hofstede-insights.com)
INTERNATIONAL LPI. (n.d.). The World Bank. Retrieved
2015, from https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/global
Phones and internet in Guatemala. (2017). Expat.Com.
https://www.expat.com/en/guide/central-
america/guatemala/15499-phones-and-internet-in-
guatemala.html#:~:text=Several%20mobile%20service%20provi
ders%20compete%20on%20the%20Guatemalan,international%2
0firm%20Telefonica%29%203%20Tigo%20%28within%20Milli
com%20Group%29

28
Italy
Country Analysis
Alisa Wood
Southern New Hampshire University
INT114
Professor Ward
Introduction Italy
Rationale
I selected Italy as I am third generation Italian American. Not
only is Italy home to many major fashion designers and brands
it is also where my family in Sicily produces and exports olive
oil. I am interested in learning more about my heritage and the
country.
Regional location: Southern Europe
Water access: Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ligurian Sea,
Mediterranean Sea
Bordering countries: Austria, France, Holy See (Vatican City),

San Marino, Slovenia, Switzerland
Natural hazards or climate: Landslides, mudflows, avalanches,
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding
World Atlas, 2021
Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). Retrieved September 02,
2021, from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-
factbook/countries/italy/
World Atlas. (2021, February 25). Italy maps & facts. Retrieved
September 02, 2021, from
https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/italy
2
Sociocultural EnvironmentLiteracy rate99.2% (15 and
older)Rate of urbanization0.27% (annual rate of change) and
71.3% urban populationHeavily populated citiesRome (4.278m),
Milan (3.144m), Naples (2.183m), Turin (1.795m)Major
religionsChristian (80.8%) * Overwhelming Roman Catholic,
unaffiliated 13.4%, Muslim 4.9%, other 0.9&Educational
dataEducation expenditures (4% of GDP)Age structure0–14
(13.45%)
15–24 (9.61%)
25–54 (40.86%)
55–64 (14%)
65+ (22.08%)
Country Composition
Literacy rate
99.2% (15 and older)
Rate of urbanization

0.27% (annual rate of change) and 71.3% urban population
Heavily populated cities
Rome (4.278m), Milan (3.144m), Naples (2.183m), Turin
(1.795m)
Major religions
Christian (80.8%) * Overwhelming Roman Catholic,
unaffiliated 13.4%, Muslim 4.9%, other 0.9&
Educational data
Education expenditures (4% of GDP)
Age structure
0–14 (13.45%)
15–24 (9.61%)
25–54 (40.86%)
55–64 (14%)
65+ (22.08%)
3
Religion
Religion
Christian unaffiliated Muslim other 80.8 13.4
4.9000000000000004 0.9
Values and Communication

Language: Italian (93%), Friulian Dialect (1%), Sardinian
(1.7%)
*50% of the population have a regional dialect and can be
considered different languages
Nonverbal: The concept of “bella figura” or good image is
important to Italians. It is more than dressing well it also
includes confidence, style and demeanor.
Business Etiquette
Appointments are mandatory and should be in writing 2-3 weeks
in advance
Place value on being dressed well
Many businesses are closed in August - Time is flexible in Italy
Place value on relationships - Initial meetings are to develop
trust and respector topics to consider talking aboutPower
Distance: Score 50Dependent
Hierarchical
Aversion to being controlledIndividualism: Score
76Personalization
“Me” centered
Differs between Northern (Colder) and Southern
(Warmer)Masculinity: Score 70Masculine style
Competitive
Success Oriented
Materialistic StatusUncertainty Avoidance: Score 75Formality
Norms and Procedures
Detailed PlanningLong-Term Orientation: Score 61Pragmatic
Traditional
Context and time
Perseverance in results
Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture: Italy (Hofstede, 2021)
Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture: Italy (Hofstede, 2021)

https://www.worldatlas.com/maps/Italy
Commisceo Global Consulting Ltd. (n.d.).
https://www.commisceo-global.com/resources/country-
guides/switzerland-guide.
Country comparison. Hofstede Insights. (2021, June 21).
https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-
comparison/switzerland/.
4
Sociocultural Environment:
Observation Deck
Italians prefer to do business in person with people they can
trust. Building and maintaining relationships are important for
business. Italians prefer to have stability rather than ambiguity.
Dressing well is a priority and conservative business suits with
accessories are important.
Hierarchy, social status and competition all attribute to Italy’s
success oriented and driven mentality. Hierarchy is important
with a great respect for power and age. Negotiations should be
held between high-ranking positions.
The geographic location allows access to neighboring countries
allows for goods to be easily imported and exported.
The heavily populated cities are distributed throughout the
county. Rome has the largest population and is centrally located
in the country, followed closely by Milan which is centrally
located to neighboring countries.
Although nearly 41% of the country’s age structure is in the 25-
54 range the country’s median age is 46.5 and the entering labor

force is a mere 9.6% of the population which could potentially
create a labor shortage.
Commisceo Global Consulting Ltd. (n.d.).
https://www.commisceo-global.com/resources/country-
guides/switzerland-guide.
comparison/switzerland/.
5
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Political – Legal Environment
Government and Ideologies:Government TypeParliamentary
RepublicPolitical Leader(s)President Sergio Mattarella (2/2015-
current); Prime Minister Mario Draghi (1/2021)Political
Pressure (or Opposition) GroupsGoverning Coalitions: Five Star
Movement (MS5), League
Left-center-right Opposition: Democratic Party (PD), Forza
Italia (FI), Brothers of ItalyRecent Changes in Governing
RulePrime Minister Giuseppe Conte resigned 1/2021
CorruptionBribe IndexRank: 15
Score: 7.6Corruption Perception IndexRank: 52/180
Score: 53/100OECD Anti-Bribery ConventionEnforcement: low-
moderateControl of Corruption62.2%

6
De Matteis, A., Accardo, P., & Mammone, G. (2011, June 17).
National Labour Law Profile: Italyaldho. National Labour Law
Profile: Italy. Retrieved September 23, 2021, from
https://www.ilo.org/ifpdial/information-resources/national-
labour-law-profiles/WCMS_158903/lang--en/index.htm.
1. (n.d.). Italy - import requirements and documentation.
International Trade Administration | Trade.gov. Retrieved
September 24, 2021, from https://www.trade.gov/country-
commercial-guides/italy-import-requirements-and-
documentation.
Italy. Italy Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business,
Trade, FDI, Corruption. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2021,
from https://www.heritage.org/index/country/italy.
Italy. OECD. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2021, from
https://www.oecd.org/italy/.
World tax rates 2021. TaxRatesorg The 2019 Tax Resource
RSS. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2021, from
http://world.tax-rates.org/italy/sales-tax.
7
Italy has no statutory minimum wage, all workers are
guaranteed a living wage (ILO, 2021)

Average annual wage is 37.8k (OECD, 2021)
Italy labor law sets hours of work at a maximum of 40 hours of
work per week not to exceed 48 hours (8 hours of overtime).
(ILO, 2021).
Paid Leave guarantees all workers to have a right to one rest
day per week, 24 hour consecutively (ILO, 2021).
Maternity leave is protected from the beginning of pregnancy to
one year after the child is born (ILO, 2021).
VAT (sales tax): 20%Sales Tax (World Tax Rates, 2021)
Trade Regulations and Legal Considerations
Italy’s economy has been moderately free with an economic
freedom score is 64.9 (Heritage, 2021).
Italy is a charter member of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) and the European Union (Heritage, 2021).
There are restrictions on hazardous substances and electrical
equipment (International Trade Administration, 2020).

documentation.
8
Political-Legal Environment: Observation Deck
Institutions in Italy that have higher corruption rates are
National (27%) & Local (22%) Government Officials;
Parliament (32%); Business Execs (25%)
Significant Improvement in corruption perception index, up 11
points since 2012.
Bribery: 34% of people thought corruption increase YoY and
2% - 3% of public service users that paid a bribe YoY
Persistent problems with organized crime and disparities
between Northern and Southern Italy
Italy's score of 53 is less than the average for the Western
Europe & European Union average of 66/100
9

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Economic MeasuresInterest Rates (Trading
Economics)0%Unemployment (Central
Intelligence Agency, 2021)Total: 29.2% (2021)
Country comparison: 33Inflation (Central
Intelligence Agency, 2015)0.6% (2019)
Country comparison: 47GDP real growth rate (Central
Intelligence
Agency, 2021)0.34% (2019)
Country comparison:187Exchange Rates (Central
Intelligence Agency, 2015)1 Euro = $ .82771 USD (2020)GDP
(Central Intelligence
Agency, 2021)2.56 trillion (2019)Labor Force (Central
Intelligence Agency, 2021)22.92-million (2020)
Country comparison:24Major Industries (Central Intelligence
Agency, 2021)Tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals,
food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear,
ceramics.FDI Rates (The World Bank, 2021)31.19-million
(Inflow as of 2019)
Trade Major Trading PartnersExports: EU 50.3%, USA 9.6%,
Switzerland 5.5%, UK 5.2%, China 2.7%, Other 26.7%
Imports: EU 56.6%, China 7.5%, USA 4%, Russian Federation
3.4%, Switzerland 2.6%, Other 25.9%Major
Imports/ExportsExports:
Agricultural products 9.4%
Fuels and mining 5.9% Manufactures 82.7%
Other 2%

Wine, cheese, pasta, medicaments, motor cars, parts for moto
cars, oils other than crude, trunks, suitcases
Imports:
Agricultural products 12%
Fuels and mining 18.3%
Manufactures 68.4%
Other 1.3%
Swine, cigars, bovine, wheat, motor cars, crude oils, petroleum
gas, human and animal bloodRegional Trade Agreements and
Member Countries
(International Trade Administration, 2021)Italy (EU) Trade
agreements with China (Comprehensive Agreement on
Investment), United Kingdom (Cooperation Agreement), New
Zealand (Bilateral), Australia (Bilateral), Mexico (Agreement in
Principle), Japan (Economic Partnership Agreement), Canada
(Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement (CETA)),
Mercosur (Comprehensive), Singapore (Free Trade and
Investment Protection) and Vietnam (Investment Protection)
Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). Central Intelligence
Agency. Retrieved October 8, 2021, from
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/.
Italy - trade agreements. 1. (n.d.). International Trade
Administration | Trade.gov. Retrieved October 8, 2021, from
https://www.trade.gov/knowledge-product/italy-trade-
agreements.
Regional Trade Agreements Database. WTO. (n.d.). Retrieved
October 8, 2021, from
http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicMaintainRTAHome.aspx.
Airports in Italy. FlightConnections. (n.d.). Retrieved

https://www.flightconnections.com/airports-in-italy-it.
Gsma. (n.d.). GSMA – mobile network coverage maps.
Coverage Maps. Retrieved September 30, 2021, from
https://www.gsma.com/coverage/#5972.
Italy interest Rate2021 DATA: 2022 forecast: 1998-2020
Historical: Calendar. Italy Interest Rate | 2021 Data | 2022
Forecast | 1998-2020 Historical | Calendar. (n.d.). Retrieved
https://tradingeconomics.com/italy/interest-rate.
Italy train map. ItaliaRail. (n.d.). Retrieved September 30,
2021, from https://www.italiarail.com/italy-rail-map.
Logistics performance Index: Overall (1=low to 5=high) - Italy.
Data. (n.d.). Retrieved September 30, 2021, from
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/LP.LPI.OVRL.XQ?location
s=IT&view=chart.
Ports with Liner service in Italy. World Port Source. (n.d.).
Retrieved September 30, 2021, from
http://www.worldportsource.com/shipping/country/ports/ITA.ph
p.
10
(Italiarail.com, 2021)Major Airports/SeaportsSeaports with
container liner service (World Port Source, 2021): (19 total)
Ancona, Bari, Cagliari, Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Napoli,
Palermo, Pozzallo, Ravenna, Venezia
International Airports (Flight Connections, 2021): Lamezia
Terme, Orio al Serio, Malpensa, Naples, Federico Fellini, Rome
Leonardo Di Vinci, Turin, Venice Marco Polo,Railway Stations

(Government websites)Illustration belowInternet Users (Central
Intelligence Agency,
2021)46.3-million (2018)
Country comparison: 19Mobile Providers (GSMA,2021)Wind
Tre, TIM, Vodafone, Linkem, Go Internet, Tiscali, IladLogistics
Performance Index Rating (The World
Bank, 2021)3.74 (2018)
s=IT&view=chart.

p.
11
Economic-Infrastructural Environment: Observation Deck
47.1% of Italy’s land use is for agricultural needs. Agricultural
land supplies the grapes needed for one of the country’s top
exports for Italy, wine. The land use is also necessary for dairy
cows.
Italy’s geography allows for several ports of entry and exit for
goods and services to be imported/exported by sea, air, or other.
In 2019 The United States of America began trade negotiations
with the EU
According to cia.gov in 2017 exports of goods was up 31.4%,
whereas imports were -28.3%
Due to Italy’s geography and accessibility to several countries
importing and exporting should be relatively easy due to
numerous seaports, airports, and railways stations.
The Interest rate for Euro is currently 0 according to Trading
Economics.
Northern and Southern Italy’s major industries are diverse and
can be easily accessed throughout the country.

s=IT&view=chart.
p.
12
Final Recommendations
Market Entry Strategies: I would recommend a US company to
enter Italy for specific established industries. American
companies in hospitality, manufacturing, or transportation. Italy
is backed by the EU trade agreement and would be similar for
entering other European countries. The location is ideal due to
the points of entry and accessibility within the country as well
as importing and exporting goods and services. Italy’s GDP is
one of the strongest in the world. The cost to enter the Italy is

among the highest and taxes remain high as well.
Cultural Awareness: Italy’s dimensions resemble some
similarities compared to the United States. Power distance,
Masculinity are close in comparison, however, uncertainty and
long-term orientation would need to be considered.
https://www.hofstede-insights.com/
13
Works cited
Commisceo Global Consulting Ltd. (2020, January 1) Italy-
Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. Retrieved from
https://commisceo-global.com/resources/country-guides/italy-
guide
comparison/italy,the-usa/.
International, T., & Transparencyinternational. (n.d.). Bribe
payers Index 2011. Issuu. Retrieved September 17, 2021,
from https://issuu.com/transparencyinternational/docs/bribe_pay

ers_index_2011.
14
Works cited
documentation.
https://tradingeconomics.com/italy/interest-rate
2021, from https://www.italiarail.com/italy-rail-map
Italy. Transparency.org. (n.d.). Retrieved September 17, 2021,
from https://www.transparency.org/en/countries/italy.
p.

15
ORG 535 Interactive Analysis: Employee Development – Pay
EquitySlide 1Title:Interactive Analysis: Employee Development
– Pay EquitySlide 2Title: About Your Company
A major banking corporation is undergoing major organizational
changes by eliminating many salary grades and going to a salary
band system. While this has simplified the number of levels
within the department, it has also decreased the number of
promotions that employees could seek to get to higher pay
levels.Slide 3Title: Background – Before/After Salary Structure
For example, the previous salary levels might have been -
Associate --> Specialist --> Sr. Specialist --> Analyst --> Sr.
Analyst --> Lead Analyst
which has now changed to
Specialist --> Analyst --> Sr. AnalystSlide 4Title: Task
Based on the previous year's company-wide satisfaction survey,
employees' have voiced that this system is inequitable and
limiting for employee growth.
As a result, the leadership has decided to tackle initiatives that
would improve employee satisfaction regarding pay in the
company. Slide 5Title:Task for HR
You are part of the HR team that has been tasked with:
1) Evaluating the new changes for fairness

2) Proposing alternative approaches to address employee
dissatisfaction.
Your team will meet to assess the various scenarios that
employees have been complaining about.
Slide 6Title: About You
You are the most junior member on the team, still enrolled in
school with 3 years of entry-level HR experience.
Slide 7Title: Meet your Colleagues
Tim is a senior HR professional with 10 years direct HR
experience.
Rob is a junior HR associate with 5 years entry-level
experience.
Sherry is an Executive HR professional with 15 years of HR and
management experience.
Slide 8
Everyone is present for the team meeting and ready to discuss.
Sherry runs the meeting.
[From Sherry to everyone]
Okay, we are here to discuss this new company salary
structure…What are your feelings on a traditional salary
structure (many levels) vs. a simplified pay bands?
[From Tim to everyone]
I think this is fair if the salary level is commensurate with the
job qualifications. Some people may be a bit sore about it but
that is par for the course.
[From Rob to Tim]
Well that is easy for you to say. I for one completely disagree;

take me for instance. The way I see it, I will be stuck in the
same salary band for who knows how many more years unless I
get a significant promotion!
[Sherry to Everyone]
Hmmm, let me remind you both that we are here to discuss ways
to improve employee satisfaction and ensure the new structure
is equitable, not to discuss personal opinions and concerns. I
find both your tones unacceptable. Let’s get back to the
business at hand.
[From Tim to You]
What do you think?Slide 9Title: Traditional Salary Structure vs
Simplified Pay Bands
1. Agree with Rob and Tim. Any adjustment in pay is
concerning to employees. Pay banding has positive and negative
impact on employees; depending on their current pay scale and
position.
2. Take a passive approach and agree with your boss to avoid
retaliation. Rob and Tom’s behavior could concern the boss and
you want to remain in her good graces.
3. Remain neutral and broach the importance of considering the
pros and cons of pay bands and the impact it can have on the
organization. Introduce a brainstorming session to identify
various reactions to pay bands and best practices to help the
organization move through this process.
Submit buttonSlide 10Title: Feedback
Feedback provided for each selection below:
1. Not quite. Personal concerns in organizational settings
introduce opinions that could negatively impact the work
environment. Because you are representing the interests of the
collective organization, it’s important for you to remain
impartial. Try Again.
2. Not quite. Impressing Sherry could certainly help you win
bonus points. However, Sherry is the boss and it is her
responsibility to handle negative comments and to engage in
fair practices. Agreeing with Sherry will backfire and could

have a negative impact on your position with the company. Try
Again.
3. Considering the pros and cons of pay changes and bringing
everyone back to the task is essential to maintain balance in the
work organization. Creating an information sharing session will
give the employees an opportunity to brainstorm and create
proactive approaches to help employees transition through the
organizational change. Continue.Slide 11Title: Analysis
What do you think about using the simplified salary bands? Do
you see advantages compared to the traditional approach? What
about cons?Slide 12Title: Feedback
Some key advantages are:
1. More efficiency in HR
2. More competitive
3. More in compensation rather than just salary
Come potential cons are:
1. If implemented incorrectly, it can create inequities and may
weaken certain employment protections such as Equal
Employment Opportunity and Veteran’s Preference.
2. It may create unexpected consequences for existing
employees. Some may receive a bump in pay, but for others, the
structure may find them overpaid, potentially stalling future
raíses or even decreasing pay.
3. Employees may perceive fewer opportunities for promotion
and seek opportunities elsewhere. Slide 13
One way to determine pay inequities is to look at job
descriptions and the current pay level.
Well, here is a project coordinator position and project
administrator position in different departments. Looking at the
job descriptions, it seems like they do essentially the same task
but the administrator in this case is paid more. Hmm ?
[From Rob to everyone]

Well, how do we justify different salaries for essentially the
same work? What do you think?
Slide 14Title: Analysis
How do we justify different salaries for essentially the same
work? What do you think?Slide 15Title: Analysis
Feedback
Perhaps different qualifications are needed for an administration
vs a coordinator. Also, the scope and impact of the work might
be different in the company.Slide 16
Now here is another one -
Under the old pay system, an all-male team of sr. specialists
were promoted to analysts with new responsibilities.
An all-female of sr. specialists were given the old
responsibilities that the all-male team had but not at the analyst
pay level.
What do you all think about this situation? Fair or not?
Oh, let’s not go there. I don’t think this is a male vs. female
thing. This seems perfectly fair to me. There must have been
tasks the males did that the females were not doing.
[From Sherry to Tim]
According to the manager, the tasks were exactly the same. In
fact, the male team trained the female team using the procedures
they developed for the past 5 years.
[From Rob to everyone]
So, that could explain the difference here. The females were
kept at sr. specialist levels because this analyst-level work is
now easier than when the males did it 5 years ago.

[Sherry to Rob]
I’m not sure I believe what I am hearing. So, you’re saying that
since the female team just started the analyst work, they should
still be kept at sr. specialist level even though the work they are
performing is the same as the men in the analyst role. This is
exactly the inequity we are trying to correct!
[Sherry to You]
What do you think about this? Do you think this was fair to the
female team?
What do you think?
1. Agree with Rob and Tom. This is not an equity issue.
2. Say nothing. You are not getting in the middle of this!
3. This is the time to speak up and address inequity in the
workplace!Slide 18Title: Analysis
Feedback
1. You might want to reconsider this stance. A review of the
readings is recommended. Try Again.
2. Addressing inequity in the workplace is both ethical and
justified. This is the time to speak up. Try Again.
3. Exactly right. This seems unfair to the female team in that
the responsibilities are the same as the male team had regardless
of the length of time they have been doing them. If the
responsibilities are at an analyst level, then the salary band
should reflect that. Continue.Slide 19Title: Analysis
Suppose the previous scenario was determined to be unfair to
the female team.
What steps could be taken to remedy the situation and prevent
employee dissatisfaction from the female employees in the
above scenario?

[Response]
Feedback
Give the female workers an end of the year bonus for making
the transition to analyst work. Then, adjust their positions to
the analyst level.Slide 21Title: Analysis
As an HR professional, how would you determine if pay is
inequitable?
[Response]Slide 22
Title: Analysis
Feedback
Use tools like job description, pay scales in addition to
interviewing managers/employees about the work
qualifications.Slide 23Title: Analysis
If a company uses a simplified pay band approach, what are
some alternatives to salary can be used in this company to keep
employees satisfied?
[Response]Slide 24
Title: Analysis
Feedback
Employee mentoring/engagement programs, merit / skills-based
pay systems and frequent professional development would help
increase employee satisfaction.Slide 25Title: Final Submission
Strong work staying with the issues and finding an optimal
solution with your colleagues.
Return to your course in Blackboard where you will revise and
submit the final information.

ENG 123 Reflection Guidelines and Rubric
Put the argument into a concrete shape, into an image, some
hard phrase, round and solid as a ball, which they can see and
handle and carry home with them,
and the cause is half won.
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
Overview: In this assessment, you will write a reflection essay
that explores how you chose to incorporate feedback on your
argument, your exploration of the
issue, and your source integration in the persuasive essay, as
well as how your incorporation of resources supported your
claim. Additionally, you will note any
challenges you faced in incorporating resources and developing
your argument throughout the writing process.
Prompt: Previously, you identified an issue in your current
major, a major you are interested in pursuing, or your field of
work. You then established an argument
and supported that argument with research and relevant
evidence. In this assignment, you will reflect on how you chose
to incorporate feedback concerning
your argument, your exploration of the issue, and your
integration of sources. Additionally, you will note any
challenges you faced in incorporating resources and
developing your argument throughout the writing process.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Reflection

A. What peer-review feedback did you choose to incorporate
concerning your argument and why?
B. What challenges did you face in developing your argument?
What could you have done differently?
C. What peer-review feedback did you choose to incorporate
concerning your exploration of the issue and why?
D. What peer-review feedback did you choose to incorporate
concerning your effective source integration and why?
E. What writing strategies were most effective in supporting
your argument, given your audience, subject, and purpose?
Rubric
Guidelines for Submission: Your reflective essay must be 5-8
sentences long for each prompt (plus a cover page if written in
APA format) and written in MLA or
APA format. Use double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman
font, and one-inch margins. This assessment will be completed
through the interactive activity
provided in your MindEdge eLearning materials and then
submitted through the learning environment.
Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs
Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Reflection: Argument Meets “Proficient” criteria and
displays cogent connections to
specific elements of essay
Describes peer feedback that
was incorporated into the
argument in the final essay and
justifies choice

argument in the final essay but
does not justify choice
Does not describe peer
feedback that was incorporated
10
Reflection: Challenges Meets “Proficient” criteria and
demonstrates a nuanced
understanding of the reflection
process
Identifies challenges faced
while developing argument and
describes what could have
been done differently
Identifies challenges faced
while developing argument but
does not describe what could
have been done differently
Does not identify challenges
faced while developing
argument
30
Reflection: Exploration
of the Issue

Meets “Proficient” criteria and
exploration of the issue in the
final essay and justifies choice
exploration of the issue in the
final essay but does not justify
choice
10
Reflection: Effective
Source Integration
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
effective integration of sources
in the final essay and justifies
choice

effective integration of sources
in the final essay but does not
justify choice
10
Reflection: Writing
Strategies
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
description is exceptionally
clear and contextuali zed
Describes the writing strategies
thought to be most effective in
supporting the argument, given
audience, subject, and purpose
Describes the writing strategies
felt to be most effective in
supporting argument, given
audience, subject, and purpose,
but description lacks detail
Does not describe the writing
strategies
30
Articulation of
Response
Submission is free of errors

related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, and
organization and is presented in
a professional and easy-to-read
format
Submission has no major errors
spelling, syntax, or organization
Submission has major errors
that negatively impact
readability and articulation of
main ideas
Submission has critical errors
that prevent understanding of
ideas
10
Total 100%
ENG 123 Reflection Guidelines and RubricRubric

CCSS Standard _____________ OR STATE Standard Social Studie

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