Before, During, and After Reading Strategies for students. RED4348

1. Flip Chart
CA1: Before-During-After Reading Strategies
RED 4348
Alexis Matonti

2. Before Reading Strategies
• First Lines
• Concept Sorts
• Peer-Assisted Learning Strategy
(PALS)
• Think Aloud
• Think-Pair-Share

3. First Lines Strategy
How is this strategy Beneficial?
• The first lines strategy requires students to
read through the beginning lines of
whatever text they are reading. This allows
students to discuss and make predictions
of what they believe is happening and
what will happen in the text.
• This strategy is so beneficial because it is
so simple to use and implement.
How is this strategy used?
• This is a very simple strategy to implement. First,
introduce the text. Then ask students to make
predictions based on what they have read in the
first sentences. I would then engage students in a
classroom discussion about their predictions. All
students will be able to see each others predictions
throughout this discussion. You may choose to
have students record their predictions and then
they can read them, or you can make this entire
activity a discussion.

4. Concept Sort Strategy
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• This strategy is used mainly to introduce student to new
vocabulary. This strategy can be used in groups or as an
independent activity. When looking for reading strategies
for students with disabilities or ELL students, this one
strikes me as a great one. I could see this strategy
becoming very useful, even if your were to use it in a
game format. Sorting is a main strategy in a lot of
different subjects when teaching ESE students.
• While the students are working through the sorting, the
teacher can monitor their progress just by observing.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, the teacher needs to start by
introducing the text and choosing important vocabulary
words. I believe it is always helpful to summarize the
activity as a group before going into this lesson, just to
allow students more time to process the information and
understand what is being asked of them.
• There are many ways you can put this activity together.
The teacher can either make it a group activity or an
independent activity. Then, the teacher must hand out the
sorts, which include the category cards and the terms
cards. The teacher will then ask students to sort the
words into the correct category at their ask or in their
groups.

5. Peer-Assisted Learning Strategy (PALS)
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• PALS is a tutor-oriented reading strategy used to
help students know when to ask for help and
make to help students make predictions in their
pairs. This strategy can be used for all kinds of
activities and in so many different subjects.
• This strategy is beneficial because the teacher will
pair students strategically. The teacher will pair
students who can benefit from working with one-
another. The students will help coach each other
through the activity before reading the text.
How do you implement this strategy?
• In this specific strategy, the teacher will
pair student up. Sometimes the groups
may change based on what text is being
read, and so on.
• The teacher will then ask students in their
PALS to read the titles and author. Make
predictions together about what kind of
text they are reading and what this text will
be about.

6. Think Aloud Strategy
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• This strategy is designed to be used before
and during reading. This strategy is very
simple and easy to use in small and large
class sizes. This strategy allows students to
think about certain important question to
understand before they start to read. To
allow students to use these question during
reading. Then to answer them after
reading.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy the teacher will first introduce
the text to students. Then the teacher will introduce
certain questions they want the students to remember
and think about while reading. The teacher can choose to
have students make predictions to answer these questions
before they read.
• Certain questions to include would be: What do I know
about this topic?, What do I want to learn about this
topic?, Do I understand what I just read?, Who is the
main character?, Where is the setting?, etc.

7. Think-Pair-Share Strategy
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• Think-Pair-Share or TPS requires students
to work together to problem solve before
reading. This strategy is beneficial because
it is so simple and improves students
comprehension through activities that
require the use of prior knowledge.
• With so many variations of this strategy it
is an easy way to allow students to work
with their classmates before reading.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, the teacher
will first introduce the text. Then the
teacher will start a discussion, asking
students to make predictions or Think.
Then the teacher will have students
Pair up the students. Lastly, the teacher
will have the students Share their
thoughts and predictions with each
other.

8. During Reading
• Concept Maps
• Double-entry Journals
• Story maps
• SQ3R: Survey-Question-Read-
Recite-Review
• Reading Guides

9. Concept Maps
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• Concept maps are a great strategy
to use for students with deficiencies
in main idea and finding supporting
details. This strategy is also
beneficial for students who need
clear visual representation to
understand the text.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, the teacher
first needs to model how to find the main
idea in the text. In some cases, teachers use
separate text for an example. Next, the
teacher will organize all of the details into
categories that relate to the text. Lastly, the
teacher will use arrows or lines to connect
these ideas and create the map. It is helpful
to discuss as you create the map, and
introduce new thoughts as you go.

10. Double Entry Journals
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• This during reading strategy is one of my
favorites. Double entry journaling requires
students to record words and phrases of their
chose from the text that they decide helps them
understand the main idea. After reading students
will then write responses to what they have
written.
• This strategy is beneficial in that it requires
students to think outside the box, and use higher
order thinking to make decisions throughout
reading.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, the teacher must first
introduce the text to students and model how they
want the journals to look.
• Students will have their own journals. Each page
will begin with the name of the selected text at the
top. The students will begin by folding the page in
half. As they read, the students will jot down their
thoughts which will include their words and
phrases on one side. The other side is for their
reactions, after reading.

11. Story Maps
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• Story Maps are a great visual tool to
help students with reading
comprehension. Story Maps help
students to summarize the characters,
setting, plot, etc. This strategy is
beneficial in so many ways. One of the
benefits is that this strategy can be
used for stories and fiction as well as
non-fiction and assigned texts.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, the teacher
will first have to introduce this strategy
and model it, as well as the assigned
text. The student will then begin by
writing the title of the text at the top
of the page. During reading, students
will have an opportunity to record and
answer select that tell the story and
relate to character, plot, and setting.

12. SQ3R: Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• This comprehension strategy is the
most proven strategy. SQ3R requires
students to think about the questions
and text while reading. It takes you
through five steps while reading that
help students build on comprehension
skills. The benefits of this strategy are
that it requires students to think and
use their skills to understand the text.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, the teacher
first needs to introduce it, by explaining
each step of the process. Then modeling it
for the students. After the student have a
clear understanding of the steps and
process of SQ3R, then the students can
use this strategy for all text, assigned and
for pleasure. What is so good about this
strategy is that it is so easy to use.

13. Reading Guides
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• Reading guides are a great strategy when
assigning difficult text to student,
especially text that may be out of their
level. The benefits of this strategy is that it
would be teacher made. So it would work
with whatever text is assigned to students.
They can be used in many settings and in
many ways, for independent reading, small
groups, and even a whole class.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, the
teacher first needs to introduce the
text and the main idea of the
assigned text. Then students will
complete the teacher made reading
guide as they read.

14. After Reading
• Exit Slips
• Question-Answer Relationship
• Question the author
• Summarizing
• Frame Routine

15. Exit Slips
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• This is one strategy I have seen used
many times. Students respond well to
this and it is simple to understand.
This strategy can even be implemented
into a daily routine for the class. This
strategy is a great tool for teachers to
understand where their students are,
and how they are processing material.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy the teacher will
first need to introduce the text and have
students do whatever activity they are
doing while reading the text. After
students have finished reading, to end the
lesson the teacher will hand out exit slips
or the students can just take out a blank
piece of paper. These exit slips will have
two to three questions that will connect
their understanding of the text.

16. Question-Answer Relationship
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• The QAR strategy is set in place to
improve student understanding of the
types of questions, to decipher what is
being asked of them through this
question, and where to find the answers.
• The benefits of this strategy is that it helps
improve students test taking skills and
abilities to answer question
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy teachers
will first need to model and explain
each one of the questions the students
could come in contact with. Next the
teacher will model how to find these
answers. The main thing to remember
when using this strategy is to make
sure you model everything with your
students.

17. Question the Author
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• QtA requires students to question the
authors purpose for writing. The
benefits of this strategy are that it
allows students to process the text and
use their thinking to enhance reading
comprehension skills. This strategy is
also great for teachers when assessing
students.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, the
teacher first needs to introduce the
text. The teacher can then either
given the students a quick writing
response on the author or have a
whole class discussion. There are so
many possibilities with this strategy.

18. Summarizing
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• Summarizing is a great strategy is so
many subjects, especially when reading
an assigned text. The benefits
summarizing is that it requires students
to go back and think about what they
just read and to remember it. When
summarizing, students use skills that
they do not even realize they are using.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, the
teacher first need to introduce that text
to the students. Sometimes it helps to
model summarizing with an example
text. Then you can have students
summarize in a small group, in an
independent journal, or even out loud
with class as a discussion.

19. Frame Routine
Why is this strategy beneficial?
• The frame routine is a strategy to help
students organize their thoughts after reading
an assigned text.
• The benefits of this strategy are that it
visually organizes confusing topics for
students right before their eyes. Sometimes
after reading difficult text, students do not
know how to process the information and
organize it into important and non-
important information.
How do you implement this strategy?
• To implement this strategy, teachers will introduce
and assign a text for the students to read. Once
students have read their assigned text, the teacher
will have students determine the main ideas/key
ideas as a class, and then determine and discuss
details as a class. Then the teacher will have
students create one big idea that connects all those
key ideas and details together. That will be put
into the “frame”. This entire process will be done
as a classroom discussion. It could also be done as
an independent activity.

20. References
• Classroom Strategies and Resources. (n.d.). Retrieved October 25, 2018, from
http://www.adlit.org/strategy_library/
• Bursuck, W. D., & Damer, M. (2015). Teaching Reading to Students who are at risk
or have disabilities(3rd ed.). NJ: Pearson.