Ceramic waste is a material obtained from ceramic industries & construction site. On the other hand, Nylon fibers have multiple uses and garments or textile industries have to recycle a large amount of Nylon fibers after their manufacturing. These two materials have the potential to increase the efficiency of concrete.(Roy, 1987) Our main goal is to use recycled materials to get a cost-efficient and higher strength concrete then conventional concrete. Ceramic Industry is one of the fast-growing exports-oriented sectors in Bangladesh. About 30% of the daily production of the ceramic industry become waste.(Amin, Sibak, El–Sherbiny, & Abadir, 2016). This waste has no use except landfilling. Ceramic aggregate can be a possible alternative of concrete aggregate.(Pacheco-Torgal & Jalali, 2010) Fibers are usually used in concrete to control cracking due to plastic shrinkage and to drying shrinkage.(Choi, Park, & Jung, 2011) They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce bleeding of water(Nokken, 2003). But most of the recycled fibers are degradable which may cause low longevity of concrete. To overcome this, we have chosen Nylon fiber.

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Use of Nylon Fiber and Ceramic waste in Concrete
Undergraduate Thesis Proposal
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet.
Date: 05 March 2018
Thesis Students
Morshed Washif Hasan
Reg No:2013333018
MD Masnun Rahman
Reg No:2013333041
Supervisor:
Sourav Ray
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CEE, SUST
Co-Supervisor:
Mohaiminul Haque
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CEE, SUST

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Use of Nylon Fiber and Ceramic waste in Concrete
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary.............................................................................................3
2. Problem Statement...............................................................................................3
3. Objective..............................................................................................................3
4. Literature Review ................................................................................................4
5. Materials ..............................................................................................................5
6. Methodology........................................................................................................5
7. Expected Results..................................................................................................5
8. List of existing research facilities........................................................................6
9. Timeframe............................................................................................................6
10. References..........................................................................................................7

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Ceramic waste is a material obtained from ceramic industries & construction site. On the other
hand, Nylon fibers have multiple uses and garments or textile industries have to recycle a large
amount of Nylon fibers after their manufacturing. These two materials have the potential to
increase the efficiency of concrete (Roy, 1987). Main goal of this study is to use recycled materials
to get a cost-efficient and higher strength concrete than conventional concrete.
Ceramic Industry is one of the fast-growing exports-oriented sectors in Bangladesh. About 30%
of the daily production of the ceramic industry become waste (Amin, Sibak, El–Sherbiny, &
Abadir, 2016). This waste has no use except landfilling. Ceramic aggregate can be a possible
alternative of concrete aggregate (Pacheco-Torgal & Jalali, 2010).
Fibers are usually used in concrete to control cracking due to plastic shrinkage and to drying
shrinkage (Choi, Park, & Jung, 2011). But most of the recycled fibers are degradable which may
cause low longevity of concrete. To overcome this, we have chosen Nylon fiber.
Keywords: Ceramic waste, Nylon fiber, Green concrete, waste utilization, mechanical behavior.
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Industrial waste management constitutes one of the major global problems of our times. Recycling
of non-biodegradable waste is particularly difficult. Ceramic waste and nylon fiber have been
classified in this group. In Bangladesh, there are 22 ceramic tiles industries (contributors, 2017,
November 13) and more than 4482 garments factories as the textile sector is the most dominating
among all industries (association, 2017). Due to the fact, that biodegradation period of both
ceramic and nylon is very long and recycling of these two products is a big problem.
For these wastes to be incorporated into concrete, they can either be used as part of the cement
mixture or as aggregate in concrete in order to maintain the sustainability of this construction
material. Some wastes or by-products have been successfully utilized (Anderson, Smith, & Au,
2016; Halicka, Ogrodnik, & Zegardlo, 2013).
Another problem arises while using fibers is most of them are biodegradable which reduces the
longevity of concrete. Using nylon fibers can optimize this problem and enable the concrete to use
in most kind of construction works.
3. OBJECTIVE
The major objectives of this study are given below:
 To make eco-friendly concrete using ceramic waste and nylon fibers.
 To determine the properties of fresh and hardened concrete.
 To optimize and predict result with help of Support Vector Machine and Design-
Expert software.

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4. LITERATURE REVIEW
Several studies are found regarding ceramic waste and nylon fibers in concrete. Some of the
literature is reviewed here-
 Study suggest that the compressive strength of the nylon-fiber-reinforced concrete
improved by 12.4% over the nanofibrous control counterpart & the splitting tensile
strengths of the nylon- fiber-reinforced concretes were 17.1%, when the fiber content was
0.25% and length was 19mm (Song, Hwang, & Sheu, 2005).
 Observation shows that the addition of recycled nylon fiber, results in a reduction
in mortar workability. However, if considering at 1% of volume fraction of recycled
Modulus of the fiber. Moreover, the compressive strengths are observed to be less with
higher fiber volume fraction (1%-2%) and longer fiber length (20mm,30mm,40mm)
(Kanellopoulou, 2013).
 Another study suggest that the compressive strength & split tensile strength
increases with the increase of fiber content (0.25%-0.75%) to a percentage of 2-4.25% &
33.18-56.50%, for a constant length of 19mm(Yap, Alengaram, & Jumaat, 2013).
 Study shows that replacement of 25% coarse aggregate by ceramic waste aggregate
shows better result with respect of other replacement percentage as 25-100% is replaced.
Compressive strength gain was 9.52% with respect to varied particle size. The strength
decreases with the increase of ceramic aggregate content (Anderson et al., 2016).
 In another observation recycled concrete with 25% substitution, there was an
increase from 12% to 25% in compressive and splitting tensile strength compared to the
control concrete and it have an increasing rate for 15%, 20% and 25% replacement
(Medina, Frías, & Sánchez de Rojas, 2012).
 In case of Using ceramic wastage in concrete production causes no remarkable
negative effect in the properties of concrete. The optimal case of their use as coarse
aggregate are as amounts of 10 to 20 percent. In these measures, not only an increase
happens in compressive strength, but also a decrease in unit weight and lack of remarkable
negative effect on water absorption is reported (D. Tavakoli, 2012).
 Compressive strength of concrete gradually increased with the increase of quantity
of coarse waste ceramic tile aggregate up to certain limits i.e. 20% for w/c ratio of 0.4, 30%
for w/c ratio of 0.5 and 40% for w/c ratio of 0.6. there is a substantial effect of w/c ratio
for ceramic aggregate. Using waste ceramic tiles in concrete is an effective measure with
regard to reducing the costs of concrete and keeping the environment clean along with
waste management and decreasing the use of natural raw materials (Daniyal & Ahmad,
2015).

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5. MATERIALS
Fine aggregate
local sand (Sylhet Sand) will be used as one of the fine aggregates.
Coarse aggregate
stone chips will be used
Ceramic Waste
Ceramic waste (as coarse aggregate) will be collected to use as a partial coarse aggregate
replacement.
Cement
Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) will be used as a binder material.
Nylon
Synthetic nylon fibers will be collected from textile factories.
6. METHODOLOGY
Experimental Work:
Test of Aggregate:
Sieve analysis (ASTM C136), fineness modulus (ASTM C33) and specific gravity and water
absorption (ASTM C127 for coarse aggregate and ASTM C128 for fine aggregate) test will be
done for both fine and coarse aggregate as well as ceramic waste aggregate.
Mix Proportion:
A total of 9 mix ratio will be used. For control concrete mix ratio is 1:1.5:3. Water cement ratio
0.5 is taken as constant. For all the mix normal coarse aggregate will be replaced by 25%
ceramic coarse aggregate expect control concrete. Fiber contents are taken as 0.25%,0.50% and
0.75% with respect of fiber length 20mm,30mm and 40mm. A sample will be made of 25%
coarse aggregate replacement without fiber for reference.
Test of Fresh Concrete:
Workability of concrete (ASTM C143) and density (unit weight) (ASTM C138) test will be
conducted after mixing the concrete.
Test of Hardened Concrete:
Compressive strength of concrete (ASTM C39) and Splitting tensile strength of concrete (ASTM
C496) test will be done after curing (7, 28 and 60 days) of the concrete specimen (concrete
cylinder of 4” diameter and 8” height).
Analysis of Results:
Analysis of the result and simulation of properties of concrete using Support Vector Machine and
optimization of concrete strength by Design-Expert software will be done.
7. EXPECTED RESULTS
• Higher compressive strength.
• Higher tensile strength.
• Cost efficient and green concrete

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8. LIST OF EXISTING RESEARCH FACILITIES
Laboratory: The engineering material lab, Department of CEE, SUST is logistically well
supported to accomplish the proposed project work.
9. TIMEFRAME
Activity
Oct2017
Nov2017
Jan2018
Feb2018
Mar2018
Apr2018
May2018
Jun2018
Jul2018
Aug2018
Sept2018
Oct2018
Literature Review
Topic Selection &
methodology selection
Proposal Preparation
& Presentation
Material Collection &
preparation
Learning of SVM &
Design-Expert
Experimental Work
Result analysis using
SVM & Design-Expert
Paper Writing
Review of paper

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10. REFERENCES
1. Amin, S. K., Sibak, H., El–Sherbiny, S., & Abadir, M. (2016). An Overview of
Ceramic Wastes Management in Construction. International Journal of Applied
Engineering Research, 11(4), 2680-2685.
2. Anderson, D. J., Smith, S. T., & Au, F. T. K. (2016). Mechanical properties of
concrete utilising waste ceramic as coarse aggregate. Construction and Building
Materials, 117, 20-28. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.153
3. association, B. g. m. a. e. (Producer). (2017). BGMEA. Retrieved from
http://www.bgmea.com.bd/home/pages/tradeinformation
4. Choi, S. Y., Park, J. S., & Jung, W. T. (2011). A Study on the Shrinkage Control
of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pavement. Procedia Engineering, 14, 2815-2822.
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.354
5. contributors, W. (2017, November 13). Ceramics industry in Bangladesh
Ceramics industry in Bangladesh. Wikipedia.
6. D. Tavakoli, A. H., M. Karimian. (2012). PROPERTIES OF CONCRETES
PRODUCED WITH WASTE
7. CERAMIC TILE AGGREGATE. ASIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
(BHRC), 14(3), 369-382.
8. Daniyal, M., & Ahmad, S. (2015). Application of Waste Ceramic Tile Aggregates
in Concrete. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, 4(12), 12808-12815.
9. Halicka, A., Ogrodnik, P., & Zegardlo, B. (2013). Using ceramic sanitary ware
waste as concrete aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 48, 295-305.
doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.063
10. Kanellopoulou, V. (2013). Experimental study of strength of polypropylene fiber–
reinforced mortar by variable volume percentage of fibers with marble aggregates.
11. Medina, C., Frías, M., & Sánchez de Rojas, M. I. (2012). Microstructure and
properties of recycled concretes using ceramic sanitary ware industry waste as coarse
aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 31, 112-118.
doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.075
12. Pacheco-Torgal, F., & Jalali, S. (2010). Reusing ceramic wastes in concrete.
Construction and Building Materials, 24(5), 832-838.
doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.023
13. Roy, D. M. (1987). New strong cement materials: chemically bonded ceramics.
Science, 235(4789), 651-658.
14. Song, P. S., Hwang, S., & Sheu, B. C. (2005). Strength properties of nylon- and
polypropylene-fiber-reinforced concretes. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(8), 1546-
1550. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.033
15. Yap, S. P., Alengaram, U. J., & Jumaat, M. Z. (2013). Enhancement of
mechanical properties in polypropylene– and nylon–fibre reinforced oil palm shell
concrete. Materials & Design, 49, 1034-1041. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.02.070