hot spot

2. Ages and Life-cycle of Hawaiian volcanoes
MBARI’s high-resolution bathymetry of Hawaii first revealed the presence of
numerous flat-topped volcanoes on the seafloor around the islands

4. Water discoloration, sulfur odor,
possible boiling water, and possible
minor floating pumice were
observed 60 km NW of the tip of
Oahu on May 22, 1956. The depth
at this location is about 3000 m.

6. Hot Spot is a concentration of heat in the
mantle capable of creating magma.

7. • Scientists suggested that there is a source of molten materials from
the mantle called mantle plume that formed the volcanic island chains.
• As the Pacific plate moves, different parts of it will be on top of
themantle plume to receive the molten materials, thus creating the
volcanic islands.
• Continuing plate movement eventually carries the island beyond the
hot spot, cutting it off from the magma source, and volcanism ceases.
As one island volcanobecomes extinct, another develops over the hot
spot, and the cycle is repeated.
• This process of volcano growth and death, over many millions of
years, has left a long trail of volcanic islands and seamounts across
the Pacific Ocean floor.

9. Water discoloration, sulfur odor,
possible boiling water, and
possible minor floating pumice
were observed 60 km NW of the
tip of Oahu on May 22, 1956.
The depth at this location is
about 3000 m.

12. is not fixed
Maui Nui
Hawaii
Oahu
Magma is created at the Mantle wedge
Cracks on
the Pacific
Ocean crust

23. Magma rises into
reservoir beneath
volcano
Rising magma and
volcanic gases exert
pressure
High pressure causes
rocks to break,
triggering earthquakes
Earthquake activity beneath a volcano almost always increases before an
eruption because magma and volcanic gas must first force their way up
through shallow underground fractures and passageways.

28. pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis
-a lung disease caused by inhalation of very fine silicate or quartz dust.

31. Let’s Test your
knowledge

32. 1. What is a Hot spot?
A. a concentration of heat in the inner core capable of
creating magma
B. a concentration of heat in the mantle capable of
creating magma
C. a concentration of heat in the outer core capable of
creating magma
D. a concentration of heat in the crust capable of
creating magma

33. 2. In a hot spot, Volcano A is on top of the mantle
plume, Volcano B is 10 km farther from A while
Volcano C is the farthest. What can you
infer about the ages of the volcanoes?
a. Volcano A is older than C
b. Volcano B is the youngest
c. Volcano B is the oldest
d. Volcano B is younger than C

34. 3. There is a source of molten materials from the
mantle called mantle plume that formed the
_____________.
a. Volcanic Island chains
b. Mountain ranges
c. Pacific Ocean
d. Continents

35. 4. The following are the negative effects of a
volcano, which is not?
a.ash fall
b. tsunami
c. tourist spot
d. lung disease

36. 5. Why does volcanic eruptions accompanied by
earthquakes?
a. because before eruption magma and volcanic gas must first force
their way up through shallow underground fractures and passageways.
b. because before eruption lava force their way up through shallow
underground fractures and passageways
c. because before eruption magma and volcanic gas force their way
through the underground going to the mantle
d. because before eruption lava force their way up through shallow
underground going to the inner core

37. Answer:
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.C
5. A

38. Thank you