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Science Fusion Gr.6 Unite:2 Lesson:5 Name Of The Lesson: Introduction To Animals
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Lesson 5 introduction to animals
1.
Unit 2 Lesson
5 Introduction to Animals Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
2.
Unit 2 Lesson
5 Introduction to Animals You Are an Animal! Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • All animals are multicellular organisms, which means that they are made up of many cells. • Animal cells are eukaryotic, so they have a nucleus. In animals, all of the cells work together to perform the life functions of the animal. What characteristics do animals share?
3.
Unit 2 Lesson
5 Introduction to Animals Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • The cells of a multicellular organism develop into different kinds of cells in a process called differentiation. • Some cells may become skin cells, and others may become gut cells. • Each type of cell has a special function in an organism. What characteristics do animals share?
4.
Unit 2 Lesson
5 Introduction to Animals Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Animals move in various ways. Some move to find food, shelter, and mates, while others move during only part of their life cycle. • Most animals use sexual reproduction, in which a male sex cell, the sperm, fertilizes a female sex cell, the egg. • The fertilized sex cell, or zygote, divides many times to form an embryo. What characteristics do animals share?
5.
Unit 2 Lesson
5 Introduction to Animals Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Some animals, such as hydras and sponges, can reproduce asexually. • Offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically identical to their parent. • Animals cannot produce their own food, so they are consumers. A consumer is an animal that eats other organisms, such as plants, animals, or both, for energy. What characteristics do animals share?
6.
Unit 2 Lesson
5 Introduction to Animals Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • All animals need to maintain their bodies within a specific range of temperatures. • Birds and mammals maintain their own body temperatures by using some of the energy released by chemical reactions. • Other animals rely on their environment to maintain their body temperature. What characteristics do animals share?
7.
Such Diversity! Copyright ©
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What groups make up the diversity of animals? • Animals are the most physically diverse kingdom of organisms. • Animals can be categorized by symmetry or body plan. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
8.
Copyright © Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What groups make up the diversity of animals? • Some animals, such as sponges, are asymmetrical—you cannot draw a straight line to divide a sponge into equal parts. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
9.
Copyright © Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What groups make up the diversity of animals? • Animals like the sea anemone have a radial body plan, organized like the spokes of a wheel. • Some animals have bilateral symmetry, with two mirror-image sides. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
10.
• Animals can
also be categorized by internal traits, such as whether or not they have a backbone. • An invertebrate is an animal without a backbone. • Invertebrates do not have bones, but some have a hard, external covering, which supports the body, called an exoskeleton. • Asexual reproduction is common in invertebrates. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals What groups make up the diversity of animals?
11.
• Two special
kinds of invertebrates are tunicates and lancelets, which share some characteristics with vertebrates. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals What groups make up the diversity of animals?
12.
• Tunicates, such
as sea squirts, are small, sac- shaped animals. Lancelets are small, fish-shaped animals. • Tunicates and lancelets, along with vertebrates, are part of a group of animals called chordates. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals What groups make up the diversity of animals?
13.
• Animals with
backbones are vertebrates. The backbone is part of an endoskeleton, an internal skeleton that supports an animal’s body. • The backbone is made of bones called vertebrae that protect part of the nervous system. A vertebrate also has a braincase, or skull, that protects its brain. • Almost all vertebrates reproduce sexually. In a few species, a female’s egg can develop into an individual without being fertilized. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals What groups make up the diversity of animals?
14.
Soft and Squishy? Copyright
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are some different kinds of invertebrates? • Most animal species are invertebrates. A vast diversity of animals make up this group. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
15.
Copyright © Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are some different kinds of invertebrates? • Cnidarians live in oceans and have two body forms: polyp, like a sea anemone, or medusa, like a jellyfish. • Porifera includes sponges with specialized cells connected by jelly-like material. They live on the ocean floor and filter food particles from water. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
16.
Copyright © Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are some different kinds of invertebrates? • Anthropoda includes animals that live on land and in water with jointed appendages and an exoskeleton that protects them from predators. • Mollusca live in water or on land and have soft bodies. Many, such as snails and clams, have a protective outer shell and a muscular foot. • Nematoda are roundworms that live in fresh water, soil, or other animals. Many of these animals, such as hookworms, are parasites. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
17.
Some Familiar Faces
... Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are some different kinds of vertebrates? • Vertebrates are divided into five main groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. • Vertebrates live in water, on land, or both. They can eat plants, animals, or both. • Both DNA and body form and structure are used to classify vertebrates. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
18.
Copyright © Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are some different kinds of vertebrates? • Amphibians live on land and in water. Most have four limbs and live near fresh water because their eggs and larvae need water to survive. • Amphibians have thin skins that must be kept moist. • Frogs, toads, and salamanders are examples of amphibians. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
19.
Copyright © Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are some different kinds of vertebrates? • Reptiles have bodies covered with scales or plates, and reproduce by laying eggs. • Reptiles can live nearly anywhere on land because they can lay eggs out of water. The eggs are protected by membranes and a shell. • Examples include turtles, snakes, lizards, and crocodiles. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
20.
Copyright © Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are some different kinds of vertebrates? • Birds have hollow bones, wings, and feathers. They lay eggs, which they sit on to keep warm. Most birds can fly. A few, such as penguins, cannot. • Mammals have hair, a jaw, and three middle-ear bones, and they produce milk. • Monotremes are mammals that lay eggs with shells. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
21.
Copyright © Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What are some different kinds of vertebrates? • Marsupials have embryos that develop in a pouch. Placental mammals, such as wolves, beavers, and sloths, have embryos develop inside their bodies. • Fish live in water. Cartilaginous fish, such as sharks and stingrays, have a skeleton made of flexible cartilage. Most fish are bony. • Some fish reproduce by laying eggs. Other fish have embryos that develop inside the female. Unit 2 Lesson 5 Introduction to Animals
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