Effective classroom management requires structuring the environment, actively supervising students, implementing clear rules and routines, and encouraging appropriate behavior. The classroom should have an organized physical layout, make efficient use of time, and foster positive student interactions. The teacher should scan the room, have mostly positive interactions, provide opportunities for students to respond, and engage students through various methods. Rules should be minimal, simple, positively stated, and consistent, while routines allow the class to run smoothly. Clearly communicating behavioral expectations, examples to replace inappropriate actions, teaching and practicing them helps encourage pro-social behavior. Collecting data on student performance and attitudes allows the teacher to monitor behavior and modify procedures as needed.

1. Classroom Management and Behaviour
Highly effective instruction reduces, but does not fully eliminate, classroom behaviour
problems, (Emmer & Stough, 2001). Effective classroom requires a comprehensive
approach that includes the following:
Structuring the school and classroom environment.
Effective classroom environment requires attention to the following features:
-Creating a physical arrangement that eases traffic flow, minimizes distractions,
and provides teachers with access to students in order to their questions and
better control behavior.
-Making efficient use of classroom time, including transitions between various
classroom activities.
-Ensuring that the nature and quality of student interactions is positive.
-Clearly communicating appropriate behaviors for particular classroom
activities.
Actively supervising student engagement.
-Teacher scans move in unpredictable ways and monitor students behavior.
-Teacher uses more positive than negative teacher-student interactions.
-Teacher provides high rate of opportunities for students to respond.
-Teacher utilizes multiple observable ways to engage students (e.g., report
cards; peer tutoring, etc)
Implementing classroom rules and routines.
Educators have identified important guidelines for the construction of
classroom rules:
-Rules should be kept to a minimum to allow students remember them.
-Rules should contain language that is simple and appropriate to the
developmental level of students and classroom.
-Rules should be positively stated.
-Rules should be developed for various situations or contexts as needed (e.g,
physical education class, field trips, etc).
-Rules should be consistent with school behavior plan, (Martella, Nelson &
Marhand- Martella, 2003).
In addition to establishing rules, effective teachers also incorporate routines
into their efforts to organize the classroom. Routines for turning in homework
or engaging in small- group activities allow the classroom to run efficiently with
fewer disruptions from students, thus allowing the teacher to attend to other
aspects of instruction.
Enacting procedures that encourage appropriate behaviour.
-Identify several positively stated behavioral expectations that apply to all
students and staff in all settings (e.g., Be respectful)

2. -Identify behavioral examples for each expectation that replace inappropriate
behavior (e.g., Keep hallways clean; Use polite language etc)
-Teach and practice the expectations at the beginning of the year and
periodically throughout the year
-Use effective procedures that encourage and reinforce pro-social behavior.
Collecting and using data to monitor student behavior and modifying
classroom procedures as needed.
-Keep record of students performance regularly, not only the mark obtained in
a formal examination but also of their overall performance , attitudes, answers
and collaboration with the class and their learning should be written down.
Regina M Oliver, Daniel J Reschly, Ph.D.
“Effective Classroom Management: Teacher Preparation and Professional
Development”. IQ Connection Issue Paper, December 2007, Vanderbilt
University.