2. What Is A Computer?
A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of
instructions (software) stored in its own
memory unit, that can accept data
(input), manipulate data (process), and
produce information (output) from the
processing. Generally, the term is used
to describe a collection of devices that
function together as a system.
3. Major Components of a Computer
A computer system consists of two main parts: hardware
and software.
Hardware is the electronic and mechanical parts of a
computer system.
Software is the data and the computer programs of a
computer system.
4. Hardware vs. Software
Hardware
The computer equipment
Includes printers, monitors, disk drives, etc.
Software
Programs which tell the computer what to do
Examples - word processing, grade book,
tutorials, games, etc.
6. Input-Process-Output Model (IPO Model)
Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner
Processing: CPU executes the computer program
Output: monitor, printer, fax machine
Storage: hard drive, optical media, diskettes
7. What Are The Primary Components Of A
Computer ?
Input devices.
Central Processing
Unit (containing
the control unit and
the arithmetic/logic
unit).
Memory.
Output devices.
Storage devices.
8. Input Devices
Computers accept information from the
outside world.
The keyboard is the most common input
device.
Pointing devices like the mouse also
receive input.
9. Process Information
The processor, or central processing
unit (CPU), processes information, and
performs all the necessary arithmetic
calculations. The CPU is like the “brain” of
the computer.
10. Output Devices
Computers produce information and send it
to the outside world.
A video monitor is a common output
device.
Printers also produce output.
11. Store Information
Memory and storage devices are used to
store information.
Primary storage is the computer’s main
memory.
Secondary storage uses disks or other
media.
Primary storage Secondary storage
12. Memory is what the computer uses to run
programs and other things on the
Computer. (RAM)
Anything that you can save a file to is a
Storage Device. (e.g. Hard disk, floppy
disk, Compact disk etc)
13. Buses, Ports, and Peripherals
Information travels
between components
through groups of
wires called buses.
14. Buses, Ports, and Peripherals
Peripherals:
are external devices for receiving input or
producing output (keyboard, monitor, and
mouse).
communicate with other parts of the system.
15. Buses, Ports, and Peripherals
Provide attachment and
communication with
external devices by
means of:
Slots:-
(for internal attachment)
Ports:-
(for external attachments)
16. Benefits of Using Computers
Error-free calculations
Speed
Flexibility
Storage
Consistency and repetition
17. How Computer present the data
Computers work with digital data.
They recognize only two discrete
states; on and off.
Computers are electronic devices
powered by electricity, having only
two states; on and off.
18. Data Representation
The digit 0 represent the
electronic state on and digit 1
represent the electronic state off.
This is called binary data
representation
19. Binary system
It is a number system that has just
two unique digits,0 and 1,called bits.
