16. Advantages
•Allow learners to interact
within external social
practices in the formation
of their individual
cognition.
17. Advantages
•Creates an interactive
learning environment
•learners can socialize and
interact with each other
easily
•construct their L2 knowledge
collaboratively through peer
assistance.
20. Disadvantages
•Does not always seem to
apply to all social and
cultural groups
•different skill set for each
learner
•may produce learning
constraints.
21. Disadvantages
•the processes through which
children develop rather than
the characteristics of the
child’s particular age
•For Vygotsky, cognitive,
social, and motivational
factors were interrelated in
development.
22. Disadvantages
•disregards the role of the
individual, but regards the
collective.
•does not recognize that
individual can rise above
social norms based on their
ability to bring out personal.
38. Advantages
•focusing learner’s attention
on a difference between their
knowledge of the target
language and the reality of
what they are hearing
•focus their attention on a part
of the target language of
which they are not yet aware.