This document discusses key concepts in psychology relevant to understanding human behavior. It defines psychology as the study of human behavior and how and why people behave the way they do. It notes psychology has many branches, including medical psychology which deals with patients suffering from mental disorders. Human behavior results from complex interactions between physical and mental factors, and is influenced by things like knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, family, and culture. Psychological factors influence health behavior, illness behavior, and treatment behavior. Emotions play an important role in behavior and the doctor-patient relationship. Motivation is an inner force that drives action and is necessary for behavioral changes. Attitudes and beliefs also impact behavior.

1. PSYCHOLOGY
G.MANIKANDAN
3RD YEAR MBBS

2. DEFINITION AND SCOPE
• THE STUDY OF HUMAR BEHAVIOUR –OF HOW PEOPLE BEHAVE AND
WHY THEY BEHAVE IN JUST THE WAY THEY DO.
• CONCERNED WITH THE INDIVIDUAL, HIS PERSONALITY AND
BEHAVIOUR.
• IT HAS NUMEROUS BRANCHES.
• MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY DEALS WITH PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM
DISORDERS OF MIND.IT INCLUDES EVERY ASPECT OF HUMAN LIFE
AND EVERY TIME OF HUMAN RELATION.

3. DYNAMICS OF BEHAVIOUR
• HUMAR BEHAVIOUR IS THE RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTION
BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FACTORS.
• SOME OF THE FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE BEHAVIOUR ARE
KNOWLEDGE,BELIEFS,VALUES,ATTITUDE,FAMILY MEMBERS AND EVEN
HEALTH WORKERS THEMSELVES .
• CULTURAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS MAY ALSO PLAY AN IMPORTANT
ROLE.
• THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS CAN BE CONSIDERED UNDER HEALTH
BEHAVIOUR ,ILLNESS BEHAVIOUR AND TREATMENT BEHAVIOUR

4. • HEALTH BEHAVIOUR:
REFERS TO THOSE ACTIVITIES PEOPLE UNDERTAKE TO AVOID
DISEASE AND TO DETECT ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS THROUGH
SCREENING TESTS
• ILLNESS BEHAVIOUR:
REFERS TO HOW PEOPLE REACT TO SYPMTOMS
• TREATMENT BEHAVIOUR:
REFERS TO THOSE ACTIVITIES USED TO CURE DISEASES AND
RESTORE HEALTH.

5. RESPONSES AND CAUSES OF BEHAVIOUR
• PHYSICAL :HABITS,SKILLS
• ORGANIC:EMOTIONS ,FEELINGS, TENSION
• INTELLECTUAL:PERCEPTIONS,THINKING AND REASONING.
CAUSES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR:
 ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI
 EMOTIONS AND FEELINGS,NEEDS
 MOTIVATION AND INTELLECTUAL PERCEPTION.

6. MAKING ADJUSTMENTS
A PERSON NEEDS TO ADJUST TO THE EXISTING SITUATION .HE MAY
RESPOND BY ANY OF THE FOLLOWING METHODS:
LOSING TEMPER AND COMPLAINING TO EVERYONE
IOSLATING HIMSELF FROM OTHERS
MAKING EXCUSES FOR HIS FAILURE OR
ACCEPTING FAILURES WITH GRACE AND AMENDING HIS BEHAVIOUR

7. UNCONSCIOUS BEHAVIOUR
• THERE IS ALSO A BEHAVIOUR FOR WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL IS NOT
CONSCIOUS.
• THIS IS DUE TO THE PRESCENCE OF CERTAIN FACTORS LIKE
PERCEPTION AND NOTIONS WHICH COVER THE INCIDENT OVER
WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL HAS NO CONTROL.
• SOME PEOPLE FORGET IMPORTANT THINGS BECAUSE THEY ARE
UNPLEASANT AND TEND TO REMEMBER ONLY THE HAPPY THINGS.

8. EMOTIONS
• IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY BOTH EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CHANGES
IN THE HUMAN BEING.IT IS A STRONG FEELING
• EMOTIONS FORM THE BASIS OF DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
SOME SPECIFIC EMOTIONS:
FEAR,ANGER,ANXIETY,LOVE,JEALOUSY,HATE,SYMPATHY,GRIEF.
• EMOTIONS AFFECT HUMAN HEALTH.IN CHILDREN IT MAY MANIFEST
HAS TEMPER TANTRUMS ABDOMINAL PAIN AND AGGRESSIVENESS.
• PSYCHOSOCIAL DISEASES:PEPTIC ULCER,HYPERTENSION ETC.

9. CONTROL OF EMOTIONS:
THIS CAN BE ACHIEVED BY: CULTIVATING HOBBIES,ADOPTING A
PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE ,TRYING TO UNDERSTAND ONES OWN
LIMITATIONS AND DEVELOPING A SENSE OF HUMOUR.
MOTIVATION:AN INNER FORCE WHICH DRIVES AN INDIVIDUAL TO A
CERTAIN ACTION.IT IS NECESSARY FOR BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES
MOTIVATION MAY BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE .IT IS CONTAGIOUS.
KINDS OF HUMAN NEEDS:BIOLOGICAL,SOCIAL,ECONOMIC AND EGO-
INTEGRATIVE.

10. • INCENTIVE: FACTORS THAT STIMULATE MOTIVATION AND
ENCOURAGE SPECIFIC BEHAVIOUR.THEY MAY BE INTRINSIC OR
EXTRINSIC,MATERIAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL.
• LEGISLATION:LAWS SHOULD SATISFY THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE
COMMUNITY AND AT THE SAME TIME BE COMPATIBLE WITH
POLITICAL CULTURAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE
COUNTRY.
• OBSERVATION:INVOLVES PERCEPTION AND ATTENTION.
IT IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILL.CORRECT OBSERVATION LEADS TO
CORRECT THINKING ,REASONING AND LEARNING.
ERRORS IN PERCEPTION INCLUDE IMPERCEPTION,ILLUSION AND
HALLUCINATION.

11. • ATTITUDE: IT IS ACQUIRED BY SOCIAL INTERACTION.IT HAS 3
COMPONENTS –CONGNITIVE ,AFFECTIVE AND ACTION.ONCE
FORMED THEY ARE DIFFICULT TO CHANGE.
OPINIONS AND BELIEFS
• OPINIONS ARE VIEWS HELD BY PEOPLE ON A POINT OF DISPUTE.THEY
ARE TEMPORARY AND PROVISIONAL.CAN BE CHANGED BY EXPOSING
THE TRUTH.BELIEFS ARE PERMANENT STABLE UNCHANGING.EVERY
COMMUNITY HAS ITS OWN BELIEFS.

12. THANK YOU