Topics Included: • Democracy • Features • Direct and Representative • Key elements of a democratic government • Election • Other ways of participation • Party Manifesto • Right to Vote • Role of Opposition Party in Democracy → Positive → Negative • Formulation of Public Opinion • Conflict and its reasons → Resolving Conflicts → Religious processions → Rivers → Three major causes of water disputes → Role of government in resolving conflicts • Equality and justice • Role of Minority in Democracy

2. Democracy
• Democracy is derived from the
Greek words demos (people) and
kratos (rule).
• It means a government that is
ruled by the citizens of the
society.
• People vote on issues as a group.

5. Key elements
of a
democratic
government
Participation
conflicts
Equality and justice

6. Election
• It’s a method by which all adults
show their choice of a leader.
That is called voting.
• The one who is most popular,
wins and becomes the leader of
the people.
• In India the election for the
leader’s position happens after
every five years.

7. Other ways of
participation
• People can also send in their
opinion to the government
through letters or protests.
• Dharnas , rallies, strikes,
signature campaigns and other
form of protests.
• Mass media like TV, newspaper,
magazines plays major role in
highlighting public issues and
moulding public opinion.

8. Party
Manifesto
A manifesto is a published
declaration of the
intentions, motives, or
views of the issuer, be it an
individual, group, political
party or government.

9. Right to Vote
• Voting in India is a Constitutional right if one is a citizen
over 18 years of age. However, that also makes it
optional.
• It has been a tendency among voters, especially in the
urban areas, to treat the voting day as a day of rest.
• While skipping the vote may not seem to cause any
harm, the long-term consequences are disastrous.
• An important force in combating disenfranchisement is
the growth of Center for Voting and Democracy.

10. Roleof
Opposition
Partyin
Democracy
POSITIVE ROLE
 They ensures political party in power does not misuse or
abuse its power.
 It exposes the weaknesses of the ruling party
 It keeps a close vigil on the bills and expenditure of the
government
NEGATIVE ROLE
 It targets the government and aims as disloging and
discrediting the government for all the ills and the troubles the
people face.
 Through stalling the proceedings of the parliament, dharmas
and gharries, it curtails the progressof the country.

11. Formulation
of Public
Opinion
Press
Radio and television
Cinema
Public meetings
Political parties and their activities
Political socialization
Opinion polls
Educational institutions

12. Conflict
Conflicts are fight or arguments.
When people don’t agree on
something, they are said to conflict
with each other.
Reasons for conflicts
• Religion
• Sharing resources
• Law and many other things

13. Resolving
Conflicts
• Conflicts occur when
people of different
cultures, religions, regions
or economic backgrounds
do not get along with
each other, or when some
among them feel they are
being discriminated
against.

14. Religious processions
• Religious processions and celebrations can sometimes lead to conflicts.
• The police is responsible for ensuring that violence does not take place.

15. Rivers
• Rivers too can become a source
of conflict between states.
• A river may begin in one state,
flow through another and end in
a third.
• The sharing of river water
between different states that the
river goes through is becoming
an issue of conflict.

16. Three major causes of water disputes
Lack of fresh water for
consumption
Pollution of water Growing water demand
due to urbanisation.

17. Role of
government in
resolving conflicts
• In any country problems may
result in conflicts and lead to
unpleasantness.
• There may arise a situation when
two people or two groups feel that
they are not treated fairly or being
discriminated on grounds of
culture, religion, region, economic
background, caste, race etc.
• It is the government’s
responsibility to resolve these
conflicts.

18. Equality
and justice
• A lot of people were labeled as
untouchables or Dalits and treated badly.
• In a democracy it is important that
everyone gets treated fairly – which is
equality and justice.
• No one is allowed to treat Dalits badly
anymore. If anyone does, they can be
punished by the law.
• Dalits are also given special admissions to
colleges and in jobs. This is called
reservation.
• The government tries to have lesser fees
for girls so that families will let them
attend school and college.

19. Role of Minority
in Democracy
• The term “Minority” is mostly
used to refer to an ethnic
group which is defined along
racial, national, religious,
cultural or tribal lines and that
holds a disproportionate
amount of power
• Minority rights cover
protection of existence,
protection from discrimination
and persecution, protection
and promotion of identity, and
participation in political life.