2. 1. Battery
2. Power Converters
3. Electric Motor
4. Clutch
5.Transmission
6. Driving Lines
3. Battery
An electric-vehicle battery (EVB) (also known as a traction battery) is a battery used to power the
electric motors of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). These batteries
are usually rechargeable (secondary) batteries, and are typically lithium-ion batteries. These
batteries are specifically designed for a high ampere-hour (or kilowatt-hour) capacity.
Electric-vehicle batteries differ from starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) batteries as they are
designed to give power over sustained periods of time and are deep-cycle batteries. Batteries for
electric vehicles are characterized by their relatively high power-to-weight ratio, specific energy and
energy density; smaller, lighter batteries are desirable because they reduce the weight of the
vehicle and therefore improve its performance. Compared to liquid fuels, most current battery
technologies have much lower specific energy, and this often impacts the maximum all-electric
range of the vehicles.
4. The most common battery type in
modern electric vehicles are
lithium-ion and lithium polymer,
because of their high energy
density compared to their weight.
New lithium-ion battery-equipped
EVs provide 320–480 km of range
per charge. Lithium is also less
expensive than nickel. Nickel-zinc
battery are cheaper and lighter
than Nickel-cadmium batteries.
They are also cheaper than (but
not as light as) lithium-ion
batteries.
5. Power Converters
A power converter is an electrical or electromechanical device for converting electrical energy. It
may be converting AC to or from DC, or the voltage or frequency, or some combination of these.
Power converter is a kind of electronic circuits for energy conversion, which converts electrical
energy of the supply into the energy suitable for the load . As one of the power converters, a DC-to-
AC inverter transfers DC power to AC power
A subcategory of power conversion is the AC to AC conversion.
There are two types of AC voltage controllers, single and three phase AC controller. A single phase
AC/AC converter is a converter which converts from a fixed AC input voltage into variable AC
output voltage with a desired frequency
6. The batteries of an
electric vehicle typically
output several hundred
volts of DC. The electric
components inside the
vehicle, however, vary in
their voltage
requirements, with most
running on a much lower
voltage. This includes the
radio, dashboard
readouts, air conditioning,
and in-built computers
and displays.
7. Electric Motor
The power of a vehicle's electric motor, as in other vehicles, is measured in kilowatts (kW). 100 kW
is roughly equal to 134 horsepower, but electric motors can deliver their maximum torque over a
wide RPM range. This means that the performance of a vehicle with a 100 kW electric motor
exceeds that of a vehicle with a 100 kW internal combustion engine, which can only deliver its
maximum torque within a limited range of engine speed.
Energy is lost during the process of converting the electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Approximately 90% of the energy from the battery is converted to mechanical energy, the losses
being in the motor and drivetrain.
Usually, direct current (DC) electricity is fed into a DC/AC inverter where it is converted to
alternating current (AC) electricity and this AC electricity is connected to a 3-phase AC motor.
8. For electric trains, forklift trucks,
and some electric cars, DC
motors are often used. In some
cases, universal motors are used,
and then AC or DC may be
employed.
In recent production vehicles,
various motor types have been
implemented, for instance:
Induction motors within Tesla
Motor vehicles and permanent
magnet machines in the Nissan
Leaf and Chevrolet Bolt.
9. Clutch
The clutch is the part of the car which connects two or more rotating shafts. In a manual
transmission car, the clutch controls the connection between the shaft coming from the
engine and the shafts which turn the wheels.
In the place of the torque converter is a series of two clutches, each of which is applied to
separate gear shafts. One gear shaft contains odd number gears, while the other contains
even gears
Leftmost pedal underneath your steering is the clutch pedal, middle pedal is the brakes &
right side is the acceleration/gas pedal. The above mentioned arrangement is for cars with
manual transmission. In automatic transmission cars we only have two pedals, the left &
right.
10. A clutch is a
mechanical device
which engages and
disengages power
transmission
especially from driving
shaft to driven shaft.
11. Transmission
The transmission is a basic part of your car. It is mounted directly on the engine and
converts the engine's combustion power to momentum which drives the wheels. ... In a
car with manual transmission, the clutch will bridge the engine and transmission, so you
can change gears when you press the clutch pedal
In front wheel drive vehicles, the gearbox is usually mounted within the engine
compartment attached directly to the engine. In rear wheel drive cars, it is usually
mounted directly on the end of the engine, under a housing between the front seats
called the transmission tunnel.
12. An Automatic
transmission, also
called auto, self-shifting
transmission, n-speed
automatic, or AT, is a
type of motor vehicle
transmission that
automatically changes
the gear ratio as the
vehicle moves, meaning
that the driver does not
have to shift the gears
manually.
13. Driving Lines
Mechanism that transmits power from the engine to the driving wheels of a motor
vehicle. driveline system. driveshaft - a rotating shaft that transmits power from the
engine to the point of application. driving wheel - a wheel that drives a motor vehicle
(transforms torque into a tractive force).
They are also used to connect the output shaft to the front and rear drive axle on a four
wheel drive vehicle. A drive line consist of hollow drive or propeller shaft.
That is connected to the transmission and drive axle differential by universal joints.
These universal joint allow the drive shaft to move with movement of the rear
suspension, preventing damage to the shaft.
14. Drive lines are used on
rear wheel drive
vehicles and four
wheel drive vehicles
output shaft of the
transmission to the
gearing in the rear axle
housing.
