PRESENTATION ABOUT THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE DONE BY 180021601056 180021601054 180021601055

1. WORKING PRINCIPLES OF ELECTIRC VEHICLE
All-electric vehicleshave an electric motor insteadof an internal combustion
engine. Battery Electric vehicle consist of anelectric motor whichis powered
by battery connectedtoit. When the electric motor gets energy froma
controller, the accelerator pedal sends asignal tothe controller which
adjusts the vehicle's speedby changing the frequency of the AC power from
the inverter tothe motor. The motor connects and turns the wheel. It
delivers hightorque tothe wheels andsmoother accelerationthaninternal
combustionengine. Whenthe brakes are pressed, the motor becomes an
alternator andproduces power, which is sent back to the battery. It does not
produce emission.
Important COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
 MOTOR
The mainfunctionof motor istoconvertsupplied
electric energy current in to mechanical energy.
It has only twobasic main partsRotorand stator.
The rotor is rotating part which carry permanent
magnet and stator is stationary part and
containingstatorwinding.The structureofstator
is similar tothe inductionmotor. It is made up of
steel lamination with axially cut for winding.

2.  MOTOR CONTROLLER
In mostof theelectricvehicle,Brushless
DC motor is used which is better than
brushedDC motor for whichtheelectric
vehicle uses brushless DC motor has to
use motor controller which helps to
control various properties of motor to
take sufficient current and voltage
applied to motor. When accelerating
pedal is press, this linked variable
resistor type controller gives signal to
the motor controller toadjust speedas
per our needs.
 BATTERY
The main function of battery is to store
electric energy. Electric vehicle uses lithium
ion batteries because it can store more
energy than lead acid battery in same
physical space. The efficiency and life span of
battery is far better than other type of
batteries, but it is costlier than lead acid
battery.

3. CONSTRUCIONOF ELECTRICVEHICLE
Basically, electric vehicle is necessary for saving fossil fuel.
The figure shows the simple construction of electric vehicle.
It consists of battery, motor controller, motor which is
connected to the transmissionsystem. Here, battery is the
energy source which is charged by taking electric current
from the grid (In Solar power electric vehicle, Battery is
charged with the use of solar pv panel which is attached on
the roof of the vehicle). These batteries are rechargeable.
Most electric vehicle uses lead acid battery but in new type
of electric cars, use lithium ion batteries because it can
store more energy than lead acid battery in same physical
space. The efficiency and life span of battery is far better
than other type of batteries, but it is costlier than lead acid
battery. After that controller control the flow of energy
from energy source to the motor. Motor transmit the power

4. to the wheels of the vehicle by the use of transmission
system.
Thusanelectricvehiclewillhavethese components
 BATTERY
In an electric drive vehicle, the battery provides electricity to
power vehicle accessories.
 CHARGE PORT

5. The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external
power supply in order to charge the traction battery pack.
 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
The transmission transfers mechanical power from the electric
traction motor to drive the wheels.
 ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEM
Using power from the traction battery pack, this motor drives the
vehicle's wheels.
 POWER ELECTRONICS CONTROLLER
This unit manages the flow of electrical energy delivered by the
traction battery, controlling the speed of the electric traction motor
and the torque it produces.
 THERMAL SYSTEM
This system maintains a proper operating temperature range of the
engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other components.
 TRACTION BATTERY PACK

6. Stores electricity for use by the electric traction motor.
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
1. It required less maintenance.
2. Total operation is noisefree.
3. It generates high starting torque.
4. No fuel, No pollution.
DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
1. It is quite expensive.
2. Not for long range travelling becauseavailability of less number of electric
charging power station.
3. It requires moretime for recharging the battery.