Dr.Mahendra Prasad Yadav SDM College of Ayurveda,Hassan,Karnataka

1. TOP 10 DRUGS PRACTICISED
IN PAIN MANAGEMENT
BY:-
DR.MAHENDRA PRASAD
YADAV

2. DRAVYA PRAYOGA IN APASMARA
Presented by
Dr. Mahendra Pd. Yadav
II Year PG Scholar
Guided by
Dr. Prakash L. Hegde
Professor & HOD
Department of Dravyguna
SDM College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan
TOP 10 DRUGS PRACTICISED IN PAIN
MANAGEMENT
2

3. CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
 Definition of Pain
 Types
2 DRAVYA PRAYOGA IN PAIN MANAGEMENT
 Single Drugs with Research Articles
3.DISCUSSION
4.CONCLUSION
5.REFERENCES
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4. 1. INTRODUCTION OF PAIN
The International Association for the study of pain
(IASP) has defined pain as-
‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional
experience associated with actual or potential tissue
damage or described in terms of such damage’.
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5. PAIN
Most of patient will come to doctor
with pain as main symptom.
Pain is
mentioned in
classic as
Vedana/Shoola
/Arti/Ruja etc.
Vedanasthapana is famous group of drugs for pain
management. So purpose of this study is to review the
pharmacological actions of Top 10 herbs based on research
work
20% of adults
suffer from pain
globally and 10%
are newly
diagnosed with
chronic pain each
year.
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6. TYPES OF PAIN
PainACUTE CHRONIC
Nociceptive pain
Neuropathic pain
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7. ANALGESICS
 The drugs which possess significant pain
relieving properties by acting
 in the central nervous system , or
 on the peripheral pain receptors
without significantly affecting consciousness.
 Analgesics which also includes
 Anti inflammatory drugs,
 Opioid analgesics,
 Antidepressants and
 Anticonvulsants.
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8. Department of Dravyaguna8
TOP 10 SINGLE DRUGS USED
IN PAIN MANAGEMENT
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9. B.N.:- Saraca indica Linn
Family:-Caesalpinaceae
Rasa:-Kashaya, Tikta
Guna:- Laghu, Ruksha
Veerya:-Sheeta
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Kaphapitta Samaka
Use parts:-Bark, Seed & Flowers
 Chemical compositions:-Alkaloids and
Steroids
Aamayika Prayoga:-
Ashoka ghrita is used in Vatavyadhi
(Disorder of Vata), Yonishoola and
Katishoola.(SS.Ci 4.27) 2.
Yoga:- Ashokaghrita, Ashokarist, Ashoka
kashaya, Mahamarichyadya Taila
Ashoka1
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10. Experimental evaluation of analgesic property
of bark of Saraca indica Linn (Ashoka )
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE eISSN-
2348-0173 pISSN-2395-3985 Vol-5 ISSUE 2 (2017)
Priyanka A. Shine1*, Vimala. K. S.2, Priyalatha B.3, Nayana Raj4, Sreelekshmi M.5
Conclusion-
 The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of bark of
Saraca indica (Ashoka) showed significant
analgesic activity at 300 mg/ Kg body weight in
Swiss albino rats in the presence of alkaloids and
steroids .
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11. B.N.:-Ricinus communis(Linn)
Family:-Euphorbiaceae
Rasa:- Madhura, Katu, Kashaya
Guna:- Tikshna, Guru, Snigdha
Veerya:- Ushna
Vipaka:- Madhura
Doshakarma:-Tridosha Samaka
Use parts:-Seeds, oil(seeds oil), Root
 Chemical compositions:- Seeds contain fixed
oil (45-52%), Proteids20% alkaloid,
glycoside, flavonoid, terpenoid, phenol,
protein, resin, tannin.
 Amayika Prayoga:-
 1.Eranda moola kwatha administered with
Yavakshara alleviates Parshwashoola (Sha.
S.2/2/101)
 2.Eranda moola kwatha mixed with Sunthi
kwatha, Hingu & Sauvarchala lavan rellieve
Shoola (Abdominal pain). (BPN.Ci 30/57)
Yoga:-Eranda Taila, Eranda saptaka kwatha,
Erandadi kwatha.
2 Eranda
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12. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF WILD AND
CULTIVATED VARIETIES OF ERANDA (RICINUS
COMMUNIS LINN.) ROOT
International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research
Doshi Krunal A1*, Acharya Rabinarayan2, Ravishankar B3, Nariya Mukesh B4
Conclusion:-
 Decoction of wild variety, of Ricinus communis L. root provided
considerable suppression of carrageenan induced paw edema
compared to its cultivated variety.
 Medicinal properties in plants are mainly due to the presence of
Alkaloids to be responsible for Anti-inflammatory activity.
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13. B.N.:-Commiphora mukul Hook ex. Stocks
Family:-Burseraceae
Rasa:-Tikta, Katu, Madhura, Kashaya
Guna: Tikshana, Sara, Sukshama, Snigdha,
Laghu, Vishada
Veerya:-Ushna
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Tridosh Samaka
Vata shamaka, Pittakaphahara.
Use parts:-:Gum resin
 Chemical compositions: Carbohydrate,
Alkaloids,Convoline,Convolidie,Convovine.
Aamayika Prayoga:
 Guggulu is the best remedy for vata covered by
medas.(AH.U.40/48)
 Yoga:-Trayodasanga guggulu, Mahayogaraja
guggulu, Triphala guggulu, Vatari guggulu
3 Guggulu
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Dravyaguna
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14. Comparison of the anti-inflammatory activity of Commiphora
mukul (an indigenous drug) with those of phenylbutazone and
ibuprofen in experimental arthritis induced by mycobacterial
adjuvant.
Arzneimittel-Forschung [01 Jul 1977, 27(7):1455-1457]
Sharma JN , Sharma JN
Conclusion-
 Inflammatory syndrome, resembling rheumatoid
arthritis in man, was induced in the right hock joint of
albino rabbits by intra-articular injection of the killed
mycobacterial adjuvant in liquid paraffin.
 Development of this arthritic syndrome was studied
from a period of five months with and without drugs.
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15. Department of Dravyaguna
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 Anti-inflammatory agents such as phenylbutazone,
ibuprofen and fraction "A" of gum-guggulu from
Commiphora mukul were administered orally at a daily
dose of 100, 100 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, for a period
of five months.
 All three drugs decreased the thickness of the joint
swelling during the course of drug treatment.
 These results indicate the beneficial role of
phenylbutazone, ibuprofen and fraction "A" of gum-guggulu
in experimental arthritis.
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16. B.N:-Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb
Family:-Rubiaceae
Rasa:- Madhura, Tikta, Kashaya
Guna:-Ruksha
Veerya:-Sheeta
Vipaka:-Katu
Prabhava:-Vedanasthapana
Doshakarma:-Vatapitta shamaka
Use parts:-Bark,Fruit, Leaf
Chemical compositions:-alkaloids like
Cadambine, Cadamine, Cadambagenic
acid, Quinovic acid
 Aamayika Prayoga:-
For covering wounds, the leaves of
kadamba, arjuna, nimba,patala,and
ashwatha should be used.(CS.Ci25/95)
Yoga:-Nyogradhadi Kwatha,
Kadambadi Kwatha
4 Kadamba
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17. Evaluation of the Analgesic and Anti inflammatory Activity of
Kadamba(Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb.) an experimental study
Dissertation by Dr. Prakash L Hegde, submitted to the RGUHS
Used model- hot plate method
Conclusion-
 Alcoholic extracts of Kadamba has potent analgesic and
anti-inflammatory activity alomost like standard drug.
 The kadamba is a freely available safe drug showing
efficacy in single use both in extract and kasaya form on
rats. Same has to be reconfirmed on human beings.
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18. B.N.:-Myrica esculenta Buch-Ham
Family:-Myricaceae
Rasa:- Kashaya, Tikta, Katu
Guna:-Laghu,Tikshna,
Veerya:-Usana
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Kaphavata samaka
Use parts:-Bark, Flowers
Chemical compositions:-
Glycoside, myricitrin, myrecetin
Yoga:-Saubhagya Sunthi,
Pushyanuga Churna, Kataphaladi
Kwatha
5 Kataphala
Department
of
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19. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic
extract of stem bark of Myrica esculenta”
Vol-5 ISSUE 2 (2017) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE eISSN-2348-
0173 pISSN-2395-3985
Priyanka A. Shine1*, Vimala. K. S.2, Priyalatha B.3, Nayana Raj4, Sreelekshmi M.5
Conclusion-:
 The pharmacological screening revealed that MNSBEE
significantly increased pain latency in acetic acid- induced
writhing and hot plate in mice and significantly inhibited
paw edema volume in carrageenan- induced paw edema
and significantly inhibited granuloma weight in cotton
pellet granuloma model at the doses of 400 and 200
mg/kg, p.o.
 The combination of MNSBEE and diclofenac has been
studied and found to be most significant analgesic and
anti- inflammatory effect without toxic effect.Department of Dravyaguna
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20. B.N.:-Vitex negundo Linn.
Family:-Verbenaceae
Rasa:-Katu, Tikta
Guna:-Laghu, Ruksha
Veerya:-Ushna
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Kapha vata samaka
Use parts: Leaves, Roots, Seeds, Flowers
Chemical compositions:-alkaloids, tannins,
flavonoids, saponins and glycosides.
Aamayika Prayoga:-The drug is an effective
analgesic and anti-inflammatory herbal
agent.
The nirgundi oil is locally applied to
inflammed and painful conditions of
organs, rheumatism, vatavyadhi, sprain,
trauma, wounds earache, headache,
neuritis, sciatica etc.
Yoga:-Nirgundyerandadi Kashaya,Nirgundi
Taila, Nirgundi ghrita
6 Nirgundi
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21. ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES
OF VITEX NEGUNDO (LEAVES) EXTRACT
Pooja Solanki Mishra*, S. Vyas, RP Agrawal, P. Phadnis and A. Tiwari
Department of Pharmacology, M.G.M. Medical College, AB Road, Indore, (M.P.), 452001, India.
Results: In comparison to control group VNE showed highly significant, dose
dependent analgesic activity against chemically as well as thermally induced
pain models (P < 0.05). In comparison to control, VNE at the employed doses
produced marked acute anti-inflammatory activity in rats (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The results suggest that the aqueous extract of Vitex negundo has significant
analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential as reflected by the parameters
investigated. Further investigations are however necessary to explore
mechanism(s) of action involved in these pharmacological activities
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22. B.N.:-Pluchea lanceolata C .B. Clarke
Family:-Asteraceae
Rasa:Tikta
Guna:-Guru
Veerya:-Usana
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Kaphavata samaka
Use parts:-:Leaves
Chemical compositions:-Quercertin,
isorhamnetin, pluchine
Aamyika Prayoga:-
Rasna churna or kwatha is useful and
best in case of
Vatavyadhi.(C.S.Su.25/40)
Yoga:-Rasnadi Gutika, Rasanadi Churna,
Rasnasaptaka Kwatha, Rasnadilepa,
Rasnapanchakam
7 Rasna
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23. Department of Dravyaguna
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Conclusion:-
 The results of the present study indicate that the
ethanol extracts of Pluchea lanceolata has anti-
inflammatory activity in mice(200mg/kg) and
rats(100mg/kg), which was further localized in the
hexane fraction, from which taraxasterol was
isolated which proved to be one of the active
constituents.
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24. B.N.:Shorea robusta Gaertn.
Family:-Dipterocarpeae
Rasa:-Kashaya
Guna:-Rukshya
Veerya:- Sheeta
Vipaka:-Katu
Prabhava:-Vedanasthapana
Doshakarma:-Kaphapitta nasaka
Use parts:-Bark, Gum-resin
Chemical compositions:-.Pentosans,
lignan, tannin, amino acids and fatty
acids.
Yoga:-Raladi lepa, Raladi dhupa,
Sarjarasadi Malahara
8 Shala
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25. Analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Shorea
robusta Gaertn. (SRE) in experimental animals
Conclusion-
The extract produced significant central
and peripheral analgesic effects, which
was evident from increase in reaction time
in hot plate and tail flick tests, inhibition
in writhing counts in acetic acid-induced
writhing test .
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE eISSN-2348-0173 pISSN-2395-398 Vol-5
ISSUE 2 (2017) 5
Priyanka A. Shine1*, Vimala. K. S.2, Priyalatha B.3, Nayana Raj4, Sreelekshmi M.5

26. B.N.:Asparagus racemosus Willd
Family:- Liliaceae
Rasa:-Madhura,Tikta
Guna:-Guru,Snigdha
Veerya:-Sheeta
Vipaka:-Madhura
Doshakarma:-Vatapitta samaka
Use parts:-:Roots.
Chemical compositions:
Shatavarin,Saponins, Glycosides of
quercetin Carbohydrate.
Aamayika Prayoga:- It is used in
atisara, rakta aamatisara, apasmara
and shotha
Yoga:-Satavari Modaka, Satavari
Mandura, Satavari Taila, Satavari
Ghrita,
9 Shatavari
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27. ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOL ROOT
EXTRACTS OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS WILLD.
Pharmacology online 2: 558-562 (2011) ewsletter Rahiman et al.
Fasalu Rahiman O.M*, Bodapati Srilatha, Rupesh Kumar M, Mohamed iyas k,
Satya Kumar B, Phaneendra P
Result:-. No toxic effects or mortality were
observed with doses ranging from 50mg/kg to
1g/kg for four weeks.
The results of present study indicate the
aqueous and alcohol root extracts of Asparagus
racemosus willd., Possesses analgesic effect in
the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates,
phytosterols, tannins, flavonoids. Both extracts
showed the analgesic activity .
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28. B.N.:Albizzia lebbeck Benth
Family:- Mimoseae
Rasa:-Kashaya,Tikta, Katu.
Guna:-Laghu,Ruksha,Tikshana
Veerya:-Isada Ushna
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Tridosahara
Use parts:-Bark, Seeds, Leaves, Flowers
 Chemical compositions:-Bark contains
tannin 7-11% and saponin.
 Aamayika Prayoga:-The seeds of
shirisha are applied locally in swelling
(sotha).
 The snuff of seeds of shirisha and
mulaka (radish) is prescribed in
treatment of shirashula(headache)
(SS, Uttarara 86-31)
Yoga:-Shirishararista, Shirishabijadi Lepa
10 SHIRISHA
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29. The peripheral analgesic activity of Shirisha was
measured by the acetic acid induced writhing test
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE eISSN-2348-0173 pISSN-2395-398 Vol-5
ISSUE 2 (2017) 5
Priyanka A. Shine1*, Vimala. K. S.2, Priyalatha B.3, Nayana Raj4, Sreelekshmi M.5
Conclusion-The crude extract produced 61.48%
(p<0.001) elongation of tail flicking time 30 min after
oral dose of 400mg/kg. The plant extract showed
prolonged stress tolerance capacity in the mice,
indicating the possible involvement of higher centres.
The bark administered in a dose of 250mg/kg
showed analgesic activity slightly less than that of
novalgin.
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30. 3.Discussion
 The term Vedana implies sensations. Therefore the
usage of Vedanasthapana drugs not be restricted to
the domain of pain killers; instead it would be
extended to all the disorders which causes
impairments in the sensory perception.
 Analgesics includes Anti inflammatory drugs, Opioid
analgesics, Anti depressants and Anticonvulsants.
 Vedanasthapana drugs may bring the normal
sensation of wellbeing in the body.Department of Dravyaguna
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31. ANALYSIS OF VEDANASTHAPAKA DRAVYA
S.N. DRAVYA RASA GUNA VEERYA VIPAKA DOSH-KARMA PRABHAVA
1. Ashoka Kashaya, Tikta Ruksha, Laghu Sheeta Katu Kapha-
Pittashamaka
-
2. Eranda Madhura,
Katu, Kashaya
Tikshna, Guru,
Snigdha
Ushna Madhura Tridosha
Samaka
-
3. Guggulu Tikta, Katu,
Madhura,
Kashaya
Tikshana, Sara,
Sukshama, Snigdha,
Laghu, Vishada
Ushna Katu Tridosha
Samaka
-
4. Kadamba Tikta, Kashaya Ruksha Sheeta Katu Tridosh-
Shamaka
Vedna-
sthapaka
5. Katphala Kashaya.
Tikta
Laghu,
Tikshna
Ushna Katu Vata-
Pittashamaka
Vedna-
sthapaka
6. Nirgundi Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Kapha vata
samaka
7. Rasna Tikta Guru Ushna Katu Kaphavata
samaka
-
8. Shala Kashaya Ruksha Sheeta Katu Kaphapitt-
ashamaka
Vedna-
sthapaka
9. Shatavari Madhura,Tikta Guru,Snigdha Sheeta Madhura Vatapitta
samaka
-
10. Shirisha Kashaya, Tikta,
Madhura
Ruksha,
Laghu, Tikshna
Ishat
Ushna
Katu Tridosh-
Shamaka
-

32.  Tikta, Kashaya Rasa,
 Laghu, Ruksha Guna,
 Ushna Veerya and
 Katu Vipaka
are responsible for normalcy of Kapha.
 Ushna Veerya dravyas are responsible for alleviation
of Vata.
 Some drugs of Vedanasthapana are responsible for
Vedanahara action due to their Vedanasthapana
Prabhava. Department of Dravyaguna
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33. The drugs of Vedanasthapana mostly
contains, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins,
quercetins etc. which are possibly
responsible for analgesic and anti-
inflammatory effect.
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34.  Ashoka, Eranda, Guggulu, Kadamba,
Katphala, Nirgundi, , Rasna, Shaala,
Shatavari, Shirisha has been proved as
analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents by
experimental studies.
 Most of the drugs mentioned for
Shoolahara or Vedanahara are Vatahara in
nature. Department of Dravyaguna
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35.  . As per clinical study conducted in 40 patients of
osteoarthritis, the trial drugs were prepared in
the form of tablet 500 mg having equal
proportion of the drugs Sala(Shorea robusta
Gaertn.f), Kadamba (Anthocephalus indicus
A.Rich), Shirisha (Albizzia lebbeck Benth),
Ashoka(Saraca indica) and given in the dose of 1
gm thrice daily, showed significant relief in pain
without side effects
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36. 4.Conclusion
 Vedanasthapana dravyas are also responsible for
establishment of well being feeling in the body
and not only act as analgesics or anti-
inflammatory agents.
 Phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids,
saponins, quercitin etc. are responsible for
analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect
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37. 5.References
 Charaka samhita
 A Text Book of Dravyaguna Vigyan-Dr.Prash L Hegde &
Dr.Harini A
 Shine P.A. et.al., Evaluation of Charakokta
Vedanasthapana Dashemani, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med.,
2017; 5(2): 56-612.
 Jyotirupa S et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin.
Research Vol-5(1) 2017 [137-143]
 Swapnil More. To study efficacy of drugs of
Vedanasthapana Gna ( Ghan Vati) in post-operative
pain management . Ayurlog: National journal of
Research in Ayurved Science.2014; 2(4): 1-11
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