Evaluation of various herbal formulations by using these evaluation parameters

1. SUBMITTED BY:
Mr.Rasheed Ahmed
Associate professsor
SUBMITTED BY:
Prashant Kumar Paandey
B.Pharm VII SEM
PRACTICE SCHOOL REPORT
ON
EVALUATION OF VERIOUSHERBALFORMULATIONS:
A REVIEW
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
(Batch 2018-2022)

2. CONTENT:-
 Introduction
 Aim and objectives
 Herbal formulation
 Classification of herbal formulation
 Evaluation of various herbal formulations
 Conclusion
 References

3. Introduction:
In past decades, there exceptional rise in herbal drug demand in global market.
According to WHO 80% of world’s population used herbal medicine as their health
care needs.
Herbs:
Herb is a wide term which is used as synonyms for herbaceous plants. Herbs are
the part of plant like leaves, flowers, fruits, roots, rhizomes, bark tuber, stems,
and branches.
Herbal formulation:
Herbal formulation are defined as ‘the dosage form consisting of one or more
herbs or processed herbs in specified quantities to provide specific health
benefits nutritional or cosmetics effects to the humans.
Finished Herbal Product:
These are the medicinal products which contain exclusive herbal drugs or herbal
drug preparation which are made from one or more herbs. They may contain
excipients in addition to active ingredients

4.  AIM AND OBJECTIVE:-
-Biochemical variation in the drug.
-Deterioration due to improper processing and storage
-Adulteration and substitution.
-To guide principles for assessing the quality in relation to the safety herbal
medicines, with specific reference to contaminants and residues.
-To provide model criteria to identify possible contaminants and residues.
-To provide examples of methods and techniques.
-To provide examples of practical technical procedures to control the quality of
finished herbal
products.
-safety Assessment of efficacy by studying the pharmacology of drugs and
evaluating their biological activity. (1)

5. CLASSIFICATION:-
SOLID
DOSAGE
FORM
SEMI-SOLID
DOSAGE
FORM
LIQUID
DOSAGE
FORM
OTHERS
DOSAGE
FORM
tablet Ointments syrup Shampoo
capsule cream decoction Herbal balm
granules suppository infusion Herbal gels
Herbal
mixture
tincture Hair colour
and dye
granules Aromatic
water
Inhalations
Dry extract
powder
Oral
emulsion
Herbal soap
Dried
powder
Oxymels

6. EVALUATION:-
SOLID DOSAGE FORM:-
these are solid in nature which contains one or more drugs for therapeutic effects and
excipients like binders, sweeteners, coloring agents, etc.
TABLET:-
Tablets are the solid dosage forms of powdered herbs, herbal extracts or their
constituents prepared by moulding or compression. Certain additives are also added
to the medicaments in the formulation of tablets. Tablets are usually circular in shape
and may be flat or biconvex.
E.gs:- triphala tablet, ashwagandha tablet, arjuna tablet etc…
Evaluation:
 Shape
 Appearance
 Content of the Medicament in the Tablets
 Weight variation test
 Disintegration Test
 Dissolution test
 Mechanical Strength (Hardness)
 Friability(2)

7. CAPSULES:
These are solid dosage forms containing herbs enclosed in a gelatin container.
The dry powdered herbal ingredients or granules are enclosed in hard gelatin
capsules while herbal oils and oil soluble herbal ingredients are available in soft
gelatin capsules.
E.g. Fenugreek capsules, Chlorella capsules, pudinhara, moringa capsules, etc.
EVALUATION:-
 Permeability and sealing
 Weight variation test
 Uniformity of content
 Dissolution test
 Moisture content:
 Moisture permeation test:
 Shelf-life test
 Stability testing
HERBAL MIXTURE:
These are the combination of two or more plants. Plants are dried and pulverized
and mixed into specific proportion to get herbal mixture.
E.gs: kayamchurna, hingwastikchurna, trifalachurna

8. DRIED POWDER:
Herbal powders are unique formulations and may be available as single herbs in
powdered form, or a combination of herbal powders.
E.gs: Spirulina Powder, Neem Powder, Ashwagandha Powder, Indigo Powder,
Moringa Leaves Powder, Amla Powder.
GRANULES:
These are agglomerations of small spherical particles made from dried fluid extracts
can be administered after reconstitution with water as solution or suspensions.Can
be used to make tablets or capsules.
E.gs:- Vasawlehachurna granules, chyavanprash granules, Gastrobeet oral
dispersible granules.
EVALUATION:
 Organoleptic evaluation
 Particle size:
optical microscopy
sieving method
coulter counter method
 LOSS ON DRYING
Moisture content = (W2/W1) X 100

9.  Ash value
Acid insoluble ash
Water soluble ash
 Bulk Density:
Bulk Density = Weight of sample/Apparent volume of powder
 Tapped density
Tapped density =Weight of sample/Tapped volume of powder
 Flow properties (3)
Carr's compressibility index
Angle of repose2)(3)
LIQUID DOSAGE FORM:
DECOCTION:
A concentrated liquor resulting from heating or boiling a substance, especially a
medicinal preparation made from a plant.
E.gs: Sijunzi decoction
INFUSIONS:
These are made by using cold or hot water for herbal extraction are dilute solutions.
E.gs: Tea, coffee, lemon infusions.
TINCTURE:
It is an alcoholic hydroalcoholic extract of herbal materials.
E.gs:-Tincture of iodine, Benzoin tincture, cannabis tincture.

10. OXYMALS:
These are sweet & sour formulations containing honey & small amount of vinegar as
carrier. E.gs: Garlic, Cayenne, lobelia oxymels.
SYRUP:
Syrups are viscous liquids containing high amount of sugars or other sweetening
agents. May or may not contain medicine & flavoring agents.
E.gs: Hempushpa syrup, Brahmi syrup, Cough syrup, Heart tonic syrup
ORAL EMULSIONS:
E.gs: Intralipid, Perikabiven, diaboherb.
AROMATIC WATERS:
E.gs: cardamom water, peppermint water, camphor water.
SUSPENSION:
E.gs: swasnika oral suspension (4)
EVALUATION PARAMETERS:
 Physical appearance:
observation of colour, odour and taste are carefully examined under proper light.
 Determination of pH:
A pH paper and pH meter is used for the pH measurement of syrup.
 Total Solid Content (%):
It is total amount obtained after drying 100 ml of syrup.
 Determination of specific gravity at 25°C:
determined by pycnometer
 Accelerated Stability testing:

11.  Determination of viscosity:
The viscometer which should be used may be cone and plate viscometer.
 Determination of phase separation
 Determination of electrophoretic properties
 Electrical conductivity:
It is determined by using platinum electrodes
 Sedimentation rate:-
Sedimentation volume=
ultimate height of sediment/initial height of total suspension
Degree of flocculation=
flocculated sedimentation volume/deflocculated sedimentation volume
SEMI SOLID DOSAGE FORMS:-
Semi solids are the topical dosage form used for the therapeutic, protective or
cosmetic function. They may be applied to the skin, or used nasally, vaginally,
or rectally.
Semi solid dosage forms include ointments, creams, suppository, etc. (5)
OINTMENTS
Examples:- pileray, menthodex etc…

12. CREAM:
E.gs:- soundarya radiance cream, facial cream turmeric cream etc…
EVALUATION PARAMETERS:
 rate of penetration
 Rate of drug release
 Viscosity
 Content uniformity
 Preservative efficacy
 microbial limits
 Rheology
 Sensitivity
SUPPOSITORY:
E.gs:- Myrtle Suppository, Curcumin Vaginal Suppository, aloe vera herbal
suppositories etc…
EVALUATION PARAMETERS:
 Uniformity of weight
 Disintegration test
 Melting point determination test
 Liquefaction time (softening)
 General appearance test

13. OTHERS DOSAGE FORM:
Herbal shampoo:
Herbal shampoo is a type of cosmetic preparation that uses herbs from plants as an
alternative to the synthetic shampoo available in the market.
EVALUATION:
 Visual assessment
 PH determination
 Determination of solid content percentage
 Surface tension measurement
 Foam stability test
 Dirt dispersion test(6)
HERBAL GEL:
Herbal Gel formulations are used to deliver the drug topically because of easy
application, increase contact time and minimum side effects
Evaluation:
 pH
 Appearance and Homogeneity
 Viscosity
 Spreadability
 Skin irritation studies(7)

14. CONCLUSION:
Evaluation of various herbal formulations aims to ensure its quality,
safety and efficacy. There are various evaluation parameters given
which are used for assessing herbal formulation. These evaluation
parameters should be used at various stages of the identification of
adulterants for development and manufacturing of an herbal dosage
forms. In lack of knowledge of these evaluation parameters may lead
to major problem in the identification of adulterants present in the
various herbal preparations.
Thereby we conclude that these parameters for evaluation of various
herbal formulation is essential for assessing safety, efficacy and quality
of herbal formulation which are already present in market.

15. REFERENCES:-
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