3. Introduction
• An enterprise architecture is a rigorous description of the structure of an
enterprise, which comprises enterprise components (business entities),
the externally visible properties of those components, and the
relationships (e.g. behavior) between them.
• EA describes the terminology, the composition of enterprise components,
and their relationships with the external environment, and the guiding
principles for the requirement (analysis), design, and evolution of an
enterprise.
6. Architecture Definitions
• IEEE: “An architecture is the fundamental organization of a system
embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and to the
environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution.”
• TOGAF: “Architecture has two meanings depending upon its contextual usage:
(1) A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at component
level to guide its implementation; (2) The structure of components, their
interrelationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and
evolution over time.”
• The Netherlands Architecture Forum(NAF):“a normative restriction of design
freedom and operationally as a set of design principles.”
8. Enterprise Aspects
• Information: Information is the Memory of organizations. Forms, Reports,
Financial Documents are examples of information.
• Business Processes: A business process or business method is a collection of
related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a
particular goal) for a particular customer or customers. It often can be visualized with a
flowchart as a sequence of activities.
• Places:
• offices, Warehouses, Factories, Manufacturing units
• People: every organization has specific structure which Organizational position ,
Management ,…. Defined in it.
• Events
• Goals
9. Enterprise layers and views
• Strategic Layer: refers to a layer which all major decisions of
an organisation are taken there.
• All topics related to this layer are out of the EA issues and we just use
their documentations as entries the of EA Process.
• Mission Layer: All processes of the organization
• It contains: Supreme Management, Intermediate Management and
Operational Management
• ICT Layer: This Layer contains all informational and
communicational processes which are used to do mission
layer tasks.
10. Effective Factors in Enterprise Changes
• Changes in
business
• Changes in
Technology
11. Changes Driven From New Technologies
Competitors can use New Techs are more
New Techs are cheaper
new Techs against us efficient
Expectations of Supporting old tech is
customers are rising too expensive
12. Interaction Changes On The Organizational Layers
Impacts resulting from Strategic Layer
Impacts resulting from Mission Layer
Impacts resulting from Information Technology Layer
13. Enterprise Architecture Definitions
EA is an approach to describe all
EA also contains a plan called
aspects and layers of an organization
“Transition plan” that specifies how
which can describe present Situation
to achieve to the future situation
and future Situation by presenting
from present Situation .
some standards.
14.
15. Enterprise Architecture Benefits
Providing Flexibility For Environmental Changes
Matching Mission & IT Layer Requirements
Reducing The Risk Of The IT project
Providing Effective Control Of The Organization
16. Enterprise Architecture Applications
Coordinating
Organizational Change
Management Between IT &
Mission Layer
Planning For
Upgrading Replacing hereditary
Information Systems
Systems
19. The EA Frameworks
• Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DODAF):
• Department of Defense released the latest version of it’s framework,
C4ISR, as DODAF.
• This Framework is based on three views:
• Operating
• Systemic
• Technical Standards
• Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF):
• Most of US ministries use this Framework for their Enterprise
Architecture.
• It contains three enterprise aspect.
20. The EA Frameworks (cont.)
• Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework (TEAF):
• The first version, was introduced in 2000.
• This Framework is a customized version of FEAF and is used for
financial systems.
• The Open Group Architecture Framework(TOGAF):
• The Open Group institute introduced this Framework in 1995.
• Is based on older version named TAFIM.
• This framework is the oldest framework which is presented by an
independent company.
21. The EA Frameworks (cont.)
• Zachman Architecture:
• Introduced in 1987 by Mr. Zachman.
• In theoretical point of view it is the most complete framework.
• It contains all six aspects and all views related to information system of an
organization.
• Principles and Concepts of this framework is affected other frameworks.
• Zifa institute which is established by Zachman is supporting this framework.
23. The EA Frameworks Comparison
Quality of
Customizability Collectivity
technical docs
Having having a
Simplicity of
Technical successful
Learning
knowledge experience
Tools Technical
supporting Support
27. The Situation Of Enterprise Architecture In The World
• Active Courtiers
• USA
• Netherland
• United kingdom
• Important Usage of EA:
• Coordinating Between IT & Mission Layer.
• Organizational Change Management.
28. Active Companies In EA
• Dow Jones
• Toyota Motors
• T-Mobile
• Verizon
• Motorola
• …..
30. Enterprise Architecture In Iran
• Iran was 8th active country on Enterprise Architecture in the
world in 2004.
• Iranian active companies:
• Ministry of culture.
• Ministry of Agriculture.
• The Presidential Administration.
• Iranian Railways.
• Iranian Armed Forces.
