4. Yesterday, today,
tomorrow
Yesterday
01 It is the day before the present day.
Today
02 Indicates the present day on which the speaker or writer is.
Tomorrow
03 It is used to refer to the next day after the present day.
5. Unit of measurement of time
Smaller than the day Larger than the day
The instrument we use to measure time is the clock. The unit we will use as a reference will be
the day. With respect to the day, there are smaller and larger units of time.
● A day has 24 hours.
● An hour has 60 minutes.
● A minute has 60 seconds.
● 7 days make a week.
● Between 28 and 31 days make a
month.
● 12 months make a year.
● 5 years make a lustrum.
● 10 years make a decade.
● 100 years make a century.
● 1,000 years make a millennium.
7. What is it?
A clock is the instrument we humans use to measure time in the typical units:
hours, minutes and seconds. A watch is a type of portable clock.
The main function of clocks is to measure time, which allows us to know what
time it is at the moment of consultation.
It also allows us to activate alarms at a specific time so that we do not forget to
perform a specific action.
And it serves to measure the duration of an event.
8. 4 types of clocks
Analog clock:
This is one of the best known types of clocks (or
watches). The analog clock is characterized by
indicating the time on a dial, by means of three
types of hands. The smallest hand marks the
hour; the longest hand marks the minutes and
some types of analog clocks also mark the
seconds with a red hand.
9. 4 types of clocks
Digital clock
This clock (or watch) marks the time with digital
numerals. These can indicate the hour, minutes,
seconds and even the day and month. They can
have two types of formats: 24 hours or 12 hours.
If 12 hours are used, it is indicated by the initials
a.m. (before noon) or p.m. (after noon).
10. 4 types of clocks
Wristwatch
As the name suggests, these types of watches
are characterized by having a strap that is
attached to the wrist. They can be either analog
or digital. It is the most used watch nowadays,
since you always have the exact time.
11. 4 types of clocks
Hourglass
The hourglass is characterized by two
receptacles connected by a narrow
opening. The course of a certain time is
controlled from when the sand begins to fall
into the lower receptacle and ends when it
has fallen in its entirety.
13. The time on an analog clock
● The long hand indicates the exact hour, i.e. 1-2-3-4-
5...
● The short hand indicates the minutes. To indicate
the minutes, it should be taken into account that
each number marking the hour will be equivalent to
5 minutes. Thus, 1 will be equivalent to 5 minutes, 2
to 10, 3 to 15, 4 to 20, etc... If the short hand is at 3
and the long one at 4, it means that it is 3:20 (in the
morning or in the afternoon).
The analog clock is divided into 12 parts.
14. Telling time
Sharp (o’clock)
When the last two hands of the digital clock are at 00 or the
long hand of the analog clock is at 12, it means that the hour
has just begun. (2:00 - two o’clock.)
Half past
The long hand of the analog watch will be at the number 6. On
the digital clock the last two digits will be 30. It means that the
first half of the hour has passed. (2:30 - half past two.)
15. Telling time
A quarter past
The hand of the analog clock will be at 3. On the digital clock,
the last digits will be 15, which means that a quarter of an hour
has passed. (2:15 - a quarter past two.)
A quarter to
The long hand will be at 9, while on the digital clock the last
two digits will be 45. This means that there are 15 minutes left
until the end of the hour. (2:45 - a quarter to three.)
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