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Doreca
Presentation
W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
Games EducationDesign
Games Definition
Games are distinct from work, which is usually
carried out for remuneration, and from art, which
is more often an expression of aesthetic or
ideological elements.
In his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein demonstrated that the
elements (parts) of games, such as play, rules, and competition, all fail to
correctly define what games are.
Ludwig
Wittgenstein
The activity is fun to do.
Fun
The activity cannot happen everywhere or all the time.
Separate
The people doing the activity do not know how it will end.
Uncertain
Doing the activity does not make ordo anything useful.
Non-Productive
The activity has rules that are different from everyday life.
Governed By Rules
The people doing the activity know that the game is not
reality.
Fictitious
Roger Caillois
In his book Les jeux et les hommes (Games
and Men), said that a game is an activity
which is these things:
Chris Crawford
Crawford's definition of a game is: an
interactive, goal-oriented activity,
with enemies to play against, and
where players and enemies can
interfere with each other.
W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
Homo Ludens (Playing Man) is a book
written in 1938 by Dutch historian Johan
Huizinga. It discusses the importance of
the play element in culture and society.
Homo
Ludens
Other Definitions
"A game is a system in which players engage in an artificial
conflict, defined by rules, that results in a quantifiable
outcome". (Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman)
"A game is a form of play with goals
and structure". (Kevin Maroney)
Gameplay Elements
and Classification
Games can be characterized by "what the
player does." This is often referred to as
gameplay. Major key elements identified in
this context are tools and rules that define
the overall context of game.
Tools
Rules
Skill, strategy, and chance
Single-player games
Tools
Games are often classified by the components
required to play them (e.g. miniatures, a ball,
cards, a board and pieces, or a computer).
W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
Rules
Whereas games are often characterized by their tools, they are
often defined by their rules. While rules are subject to
variations and changes, enough change in the rules usually
results in a "new" game.
Skill, Strategy And
Chance
A game’s tools and rules will result in its requiring
skill, strategy, luck, or a combination thereof, and
are classified accordingly.
Most games require multiple players.
However, single-player games are
unique in respect to the type of
challenges a player faces.
Single-Player
Games
Types Of Games
Games can take a variety of forms, from
competitive sports to board games and
video games.
Board Games
Sport Games
Video Games
Time
To Break
W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
Many sports require special equipment
and dedicated playing fields, leading to the
involvement of a community much larger
than the group of players.
Sport Games
Lawn Games
Lawn games are outdoor games that can be
played on a lawn; an area of mowed grass (or
alternately, on graded soil) generally smaller
than a "field" or pitch.
A tabletop game generally refers to any game
where the elements of play are confined to a
small area and that require little physical
exertion, usually simply placing, picking up
and moving game pieces.
W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
Tabletop
Games
This class of games includes any game in which the skill element involved
relates to manual dexterity or hand-eye coordination, but excludes the class of
video games (see below).
Dexterity And
Coordination Games
Board games use as a central tool a board on which
the players' status, resources, and progress are
tracked using physical tokens. Many also involve
dice or cards.
Board Games
Card games use a deck of cards as their central
tool. Uno and Rook are examples of games that
were originally played with a standard deck
and have since been commercialized with
customized decks.
Card Games
Dice games use a number of dice as
their central element. Board games
often use dice for a randomization
element, and thus each roll of the
dice has a profound impact on the
outcome of the game.
Dice Games
W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
Domino Tile
Games
Domino games are similar in many
respects to card games, but the generic
device is instead a set of tiles called
dominoes. Some other games use tiles
in place of cards.
Pencil and paper games require little or no
specialized equipment other than writing
materials, though some such games have
been commercialized as board games.
Pencil And
Paper Games
W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
Guessing Games
A guessing game has as its core a piece of
information that one player knows, and the
object is to coerce others into guessing that
piece of information without actually
divulging it in text or spoken word.
Video games are computer or microprocessor-
controlled games. Computers can create virtual
spaces for a wide variety of game types.
Video Games
Online games have been part of culture from
the very earliest days of networked and time-
shared computers. Modern online games are
played using an Internet connection; some
have dedicated client programs, while others
require only a web browser.
Online Games
Role-playing games, often abbreviated as RPGs,
are a type of game in which the participants
(usually) assume the roles of characters acting in
a fictional setting.
Role-Playing Games
Business games can take a variety of forms, from
interactive board games to interactive games
involving different props (balls, ropes, hoops,
etc.) and different kinds of activities.
BusinessGames
The term "game" can include simulation or re-
enactment of various activities or use in "real life"
for various purposes: e.g., training, analysis,
prediction. Well-known examples are war games
and roleplaying.
Simulation
Games
Thank
For
Watching
WWW.DORECA.COM
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version
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Doreca Presentation : Dark Color Version

  • 1. Doreca Presentation W W W . D O R E C A . C O M Games EducationDesign
  • 2. Games Definition Games are distinct from work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of aesthetic or ideological elements.
  • 3. In his Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein demonstrated that the elements (parts) of games, such as play, rules, and competition, all fail to correctly define what games are. Ludwig Wittgenstein
  • 4. The activity is fun to do. Fun The activity cannot happen everywhere or all the time. Separate The people doing the activity do not know how it will end. Uncertain Doing the activity does not make ordo anything useful. Non-Productive The activity has rules that are different from everyday life. Governed By Rules The people doing the activity know that the game is not reality. Fictitious Roger Caillois In his book Les jeux et les hommes (Games and Men), said that a game is an activity which is these things:
  • 5. Chris Crawford Crawford's definition of a game is: an interactive, goal-oriented activity, with enemies to play against, and where players and enemies can interfere with each other. W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
  • 6. Homo Ludens (Playing Man) is a book written in 1938 by Dutch historian Johan Huizinga. It discusses the importance of the play element in culture and society. Homo Ludens
  • 7. Other Definitions "A game is a system in which players engage in an artificial conflict, defined by rules, that results in a quantifiable outcome". (Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman) "A game is a form of play with goals and structure". (Kevin Maroney)
  • 8. Gameplay Elements and Classification Games can be characterized by "what the player does." This is often referred to as gameplay. Major key elements identified in this context are tools and rules that define the overall context of game. Tools Rules Skill, strategy, and chance Single-player games
  • 9. Tools Games are often classified by the components required to play them (e.g. miniatures, a ball, cards, a board and pieces, or a computer). W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
  • 10. Rules Whereas games are often characterized by their tools, they are often defined by their rules. While rules are subject to variations and changes, enough change in the rules usually results in a "new" game.
  • 11. Skill, Strategy And Chance A game’s tools and rules will result in its requiring skill, strategy, luck, or a combination thereof, and are classified accordingly.
  • 12. Most games require multiple players. However, single-player games are unique in respect to the type of challenges a player faces. Single-Player Games
  • 13. Types Of Games Games can take a variety of forms, from competitive sports to board games and video games. Board Games Sport Games Video Games
  • 14. Time To Break W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
  • 15. Many sports require special equipment and dedicated playing fields, leading to the involvement of a community much larger than the group of players. Sport Games
  • 16. Lawn Games Lawn games are outdoor games that can be played on a lawn; an area of mowed grass (or alternately, on graded soil) generally smaller than a "field" or pitch.
  • 17. A tabletop game generally refers to any game where the elements of play are confined to a small area and that require little physical exertion, usually simply placing, picking up and moving game pieces. W W W . D O R E C A . C O M Tabletop Games
  • 18. This class of games includes any game in which the skill element involved relates to manual dexterity or hand-eye coordination, but excludes the class of video games (see below). Dexterity And Coordination Games
  • 19. Board games use as a central tool a board on which the players' status, resources, and progress are tracked using physical tokens. Many also involve dice or cards. Board Games
  • 20. Card games use a deck of cards as their central tool. Uno and Rook are examples of games that were originally played with a standard deck and have since been commercialized with customized decks. Card Games
  • 21. Dice games use a number of dice as their central element. Board games often use dice for a randomization element, and thus each roll of the dice has a profound impact on the outcome of the game. Dice Games W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
  • 22. Domino Tile Games Domino games are similar in many respects to card games, but the generic device is instead a set of tiles called dominoes. Some other games use tiles in place of cards.
  • 23. Pencil and paper games require little or no specialized equipment other than writing materials, though some such games have been commercialized as board games. Pencil And Paper Games W W W . D O R E C A . C O M
  • 24. Guessing Games A guessing game has as its core a piece of information that one player knows, and the object is to coerce others into guessing that piece of information without actually divulging it in text or spoken word.
  • 25. Video games are computer or microprocessor- controlled games. Computers can create virtual spaces for a wide variety of game types. Video Games
  • 26. Online games have been part of culture from the very earliest days of networked and time- shared computers. Modern online games are played using an Internet connection; some have dedicated client programs, while others require only a web browser. Online Games
  • 27. Role-playing games, often abbreviated as RPGs, are a type of game in which the participants (usually) assume the roles of characters acting in a fictional setting. Role-Playing Games
  • 28. Business games can take a variety of forms, from interactive board games to interactive games involving different props (balls, ropes, hoops, etc.) and different kinds of activities. BusinessGames
  • 29. The term "game" can include simulation or re- enactment of various activities or use in "real life" for various purposes: e.g., training, analysis, prediction. Well-known examples are war games and roleplaying. Simulation Games