Airport Planning and Design

1. Factors Influence
Site Selection of
an Airport
188W1A0187 - K.JAYANAND
188W1A0188 - K.PAVANKUMAR
188W1A0193 - M.SIDDHARDHA
188W1A01A8 - S.HARSHAVARDHAN

2. The selection of site for a new airport has to be based on certain
criteria which will serve as a guide for the determination of its
proper location and size.
(1) Atmospheric and meteorological
conditions
(2) Availability of land for expansion
(3) Availability of utilities
(4) Development of the surrounding area
(5) Economy of construction
(6) Ground accessibility
(7) Presence of other airports.
(8) Regional plan
(9) Soil characteristics
(10) Surrounding obstructions
(11) Topography
(12) Use of airport.

3. Atmospheric and meteorological conditions:
● The presence of fog, haze and smoke reduces the visibility and
the poor visibility lowers the traffic capacity of an aircraft.
● Wind data should also be studied .
● Study of whether records.
Availability of land for expansion:
● As the volume of traffic increases, it will be necessary to lengthen
the runways, to provide additional support facilities and to expand
the terminal facilities. For accommodating all these new facilities,
the provision of sufficient real estate must be made.

4. Availability of utilities:
● An airport, especially a large one, has to be provided with the
utilities like water, electric power, telephone, sewer, etc.
Development of the surrounding area:
● The proximity of airport site to the residential areas, schools and
hospitals should be avoided whenever possible.
● Suitable zoning regulations should be imposed.

5. Economy of construction:
● The site which is more economical to construct should be given
preference.
● The sites having waterlogged areas or reclaimed lands and
uneven terrain should be avoided.
● The availability of local construction materials should be
considered.
Ground accessibility:
● The location of airport should be such that it results in the
shortest ground access time.
● All modes of transport should be considered for an easy ground
access to the airport.

6. Presence of other airports:
● The airports should be located at a
sufficient distance apart.
● The minimum distance between the
adjacent airports will depend upon
the volume and type of air traffic,
operating facilities, etc.
● If this precaution is not taken, there
will be severe air traffic congestion
due to limited air space and it will
result in the reduction of airport
capacity.

7. Regional plan:
● The airport site should be selected in such a way that i fits appropriately in
the regional plan.
Soil characteristics:
● The airport site with the favourable soil characteristic is desirable because it
reduces the cost of grading and drainage to a considerable extent. The area
should as far as possible be self drained.
Surrounding obstructions:
● The airport site should be clear of the obstructions likely to interfere with the
landing and taking off operations of the aircrafts.
● The zoning for height restrictions should be initiated as soon as the site has
been finally selected.
● The obstructions may either be natural like trees, sloping ground, etc., or
man-made like buildings, grid towers, etc.

8. Topography:
● The topographical features like ground contours, trees, streams,
etc., should be studied.
● A raised ground like a hill top is usually considered to be an ideal
site for an airport because of the following facts:
(i) It grants better visibility due to less fog.
(ii) It permits easy natural drainage.
(iii) The approach and turning zones are less obstructed.
(iv) There is natural drainage.
Use of airport:
● The airport site is decided also by the use of airport i.e.. civil or
military.

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