Comprehension

1. Mudassar Habib
17133122-020

2. How to Improve Reading
Comprehension

3. Comprehension
Comprehension is the process of
simultaneously extracting* and
constructing** meaning through interaction
and involvement with written passage.
It consists of three elements:
1-The reader
2-The text
3-The activity or purpose for reading

4. Be an Active Reader

5. Good Readers
 Use strategies before, during, and after
reading.
 Are active readers.
 Have clear goals for reading.
 Preview the text and note text structure.
 Apply strategies selectively.

6. Students who comprehend what they read:
• Use strategies before they read (Do you sometimes read the back panel
of a book before you buy it?); during reading (Have you ever reread a passage
because it did not make sense the first time you read it?); and after reading (Do
you think about important points to remember?).
• Are active readers—they pay attention to what they are reading, asking
themselves whether it makes sense.
• Have clear goals and evaluate whether the reading is meeting their
goals.
•Apply reading strategies selectively, deciding when to read quickly (an easy
novel), when to read slowly and carefully (a physics text), when to reread, etc.
This activity requires the ability to evaluate whether the reading strategy they are
using actually works.

7. What strategies should be
applied while reading
comprehension?

8. Strategies are defined as
“intentional mental actions
during reading that improve
reading comprehension” .

9. Strategies to attempt
comprehension
 The first thing you must manage your time.
 Evidence-based strategies include:
o Activating prior knowledge.
o Making predictions.
o Questioning.
o Visualizing.
o Self-monitoring.
o Making inferences.
o Summarizing.

10. The purpose of reading
passage is to connect the ideas
on the page to what you already
know !

11. If you don't know anything
about a passage, then pouring
words of text into your mind is
like pouring water into your
hand. You don't retain much.

12. For example, try reading and
remembering these numbers:
7516324

13. This is hard to read and
remember.
 Now try this one:
751-6324

14. This is easier because of
chunking (breaking something
into smaller bits).

15. Now try this one:
123-4567

16. This is easy to read
because of prior knowledge
and structure.

17. Similarly, if you like sports, then
reading the sports page is easy.
You have a framework in your mind
for reading, understanding and
storing information

18. What can you do to improve your
reading comprehension?
Reading comprehension requires
motivation, mental frameworks for
holding ideas, concentration and
good study techniques. Here are
some suggestions :

19. Develop a broad background.
Broaden your background
knowledge by reading
newspapers, magazines, recent
events and books. Become
interested in world events

20.  Know the structure of paragraphs.
Good writers construct paragraphs that
have a beginning, middle and end. Often,
the first sentence will give an overview that
helps provide a framework for adding
details. Also, look for transitional words,
phrases or paragraphs that change the
topic.

21. Anticipate and predict.
Really smart readers try to
anticipate the author and
predict future ideas and
questions. If you're right, this
reinforces your understanding.
If you're wrong, you make
adjustments quicker.

22.  Create motivation and interest.
Preview material, ask questions,
discuss ideas with classmates. The
stronger your interest, the greater
your comprehension

23. Pay attention to supporting cues.
Study pictures, graphs ,dates and
headings. Read the first and last
paragraph in a comprehensions, or
the first sentence in each section.

24. Highlight, summarize and
review.
Just reading a comprehension
once is not enough. To develop a
deeper understanding, you have
to highlight, summarize and
review important ideas.

25.  Build a good vocabulary.
For most educated people, this is a
lifetime project. The best way to improve
your vocabulary is to use a dictionary
regularly. You might carry around a pocket
dictionary and use it to look up new words.
Or, you can keep a list of words to look up
at the end of the day. Concentrate on
roots, prefixes and endings

26.  Monitor effectiveness.
Good readers monitor their attention,
concentration and effectiveness. They
quickly recognize if they've missed an idea
and backup to reread it.

27. Students must
 Read,
 And read,
 And read,
 And read,
 And read some more!

28.  You can become an excellent reader with
practice.
 What’s the reward? Doors will open for
you. You will be successful at achieving
your dreams and aspirations!

29. Any Question