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Nosocomial infections
1. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS Eligius Lyamuya MD, MMed, PhD Department of Microbiology and Immunology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
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10. Commonly occurring microorganisms in hospital infection Others Anaerobes Proteus VHF viruses Coagulase negative staphylococci CMV Pseudomonas HCV Klebsiella HBV E. coli Candida albicans HIV S. aureus Fungi Viruses Bacteria
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Editor's Notes
These are not nosocomial infections: Infections contracted and developing outside hospitals, which require admission Infections contracted outside hospital which become clinically apparent when patient is in hospital
Whether you work in a traditional hospital setting, ambulatory clinic, nursing home, rehabilitation center, free-standing dialysis center or any kind of facility in between, nosocomial infections will present themselves and demand your attention. Think of yourself as the "conductor," overseeing the well-being of patients, employees, physicians, auxiliary healthcare workers, volunteers and visitors. 10 As conductor, you must determine not only when a nosocomial event occurs, but when to investigate, tabulate, intervene and assess again.
Most infections acquired in hospital are caused by micro-organisms that are commonly present in the general population in whom they cause disease less often and usually in a milder form than in hospital patients. Thus, contact with microorganisms is seldom the sole or main event predisposing to infection Various risk factors, alone or in combination, influence the frequency and nature of hospital infection
Small droplets evaporate to droplet nuclei within 5ft from the mouth; large droplets settle to ground in a few seconds within 5 ft, only few move as far as 10 ft Droplet nuclei are carried in air currents for minutes or hours and undergo sedimentation at 10 ft
Unfortunately, routine screening for HBsAg is not done in many hospitals, Although 80% of adults in Dar es Salaam appear to have protection against HBV, still there is serious risk of infection following transfusion.
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