SPINE- ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS BY MIN^ED ACADEMY

1. SPINE – ANATOMY
& BIOMECHANICS
RISHAV SHUKLA

2. TOPICS TO BE COVERED
• ANATOMY OF THE CERVICAL, THORACIC & LUMBAR SPINE
• CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT MUSCLES ATTACHED TO THE SPINE
• FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINE
• KINEMATICS
• KINETICS
• FRITZ LAW

4. Thoracic Vertebrae

5. Lumbar Vertebrae

6. MUSCLES ATTACHED TO THE
SPINE
WITH CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

8. Neural Anatomy of the Spine

10. FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINE

11. The Trabecular system

12. The Intervertebral Disc

13. Ligaments
• Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments
• Ligamentum Flavum
• Interspinous Ligaments
• Supraspinous Ligament
• Intertransverse Ligaments
• Zygapophyseal Joint Capsules

14. KINEMATICS

15. • Coupling
• Flexion
• Extension
• Lateral Flexion

17. KINETICS

18. • Axial Compression
• Bending
• Torsion
• Shear

20. FRITZ LAW

21. FIRST LAW/NEUTRAL MECHANICS
• When the spine is in neutral, side-bending to one side will be accompanied
by horizontal rotation to the opposite side.
• This law is observed in type I somatic dysfunction, where more than one
vertebrae are out of alignment and cannot be returned to neutral by
flexion or extension of the vertebrae.
• The involved group of vertebrae demonstrates a coupled relationship
between side-bending and rotation.
• When the spine is neutral, side bending forces are applied to a group of
typical vertebrae and the entire group will rotate toward the opposite side:
the side of produced convexity.
• Extreme type I dysfunction is similar to scoliosis.

22. SECOND LAW/NON-NEUTRAL MECHANICS
• When the spine is in a flexed or extended position (non-neutral), side-bending to one
side will be accompanied by rotation to the same side.
• Non-Neutral mechanics occur in the lumbar spine when it is forward bent.
• In backward bending, the lumbar spine demonstrates neutral coupling.
• In the thoracic spine, there is capability for both neutral and non-neutral coupling.
• The type of coupling occurs to be a function of where you are in the thoracic curve,
above or below the apex and whether you introduce side bending or rotation first.
• In general, if side bending is introduced first, rotation will occur to the opposite side. If
rotation is introduced first, side bending couples to the same side
• This law is observed in type II somatic dysfunction, where only one vertebrae is out of
place and becomes much worse on flexion or extension.
• There will be rotation and side-bending in the same direction when this dysfunction is
present.

23. THIRD LAW
• When motion is introduced in one plane it will modify (reduce)
motion in the other two plane. The third principle sums up the other
two laws by stating dysfunction in one plane will negatively affect all
other planes of motion.

24. THANK YOU