semiology

1. ASSIGNMENTS . TOPIC:
COMMON SIGNS OF THE
HEART FAILURE
.

2. GROUP 5, PHARMACY 3 , YEAR 2017-2018
MODULE: CLINICAL BIOLOGY&PATHOLOGY
COMPON: MEDICAL SEMIOLOGY
NO REG.NO NAMES Others
1. 216163242 MURIISA Moises
2. 216130735 MUGISHA Carmelle
3. 216074142 NIYIRORA Clementine
4. 215012997 HAGABIMANA Pierre
5. 215007907 MINANI Theobald
6. 216074991 NIYONKURU Emmanuel
7. 216351537 NDEREYIMANA Irene Fischer

3. WHAT IS HEART FAILURE
Def: heart failure is a syndrome occur when the heart muscle is weakened and
unable to pump enough blood (CO=SV*HR)to meet the body need for the
blood and oxygen
This are caused by the following:
 coronary artery disease , myocardial infarction (heart
attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation , valvar heart
disease , excess alcohol use, infection, Anemia,
cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure
by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart
There are two main types of heart failure:
heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction
Heart failure with normal ejection fraction
Notice : right sided heart failure is almost depending on the abnormal

4. CAUSE OF HEART FAILURE IN SUMMARY
There are not limited
for this , there are
other many cause
associated by the
heart failure as said
on previous slide

5. LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE SIGNS
Tachypnea: increased rate
of breathing
Dyspnea: shortness of the
breath major signs
Pleural effusion: water
accumulation in cavity
Hemoptysis : blood
coughing
Pulmonary edema: fluid in
lung due to blood never
leave it.
edema
Basilar crackle (rale):
abnormal breathing sound
Irregular pulse
Heart palpitation: abnormal heart
beating, add extra or remove beat
(cardiogram)
Tiredness
Orthopnea: absence of breathing in bed
sleeping supine position
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Cheyne stokes respiration that give rise
to apnea
In acute pulmonary edema this is experienced
sweaty, restless, dyspnea-tachypnea,
tachycardia, frothy sputum+/- blood

6. RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE
Signs
EDEMA eg : leg swelling
JVP(Increase of jugular vein
pulse)
Sudden weigh gain
 congestive Hepatomegaly
lead to cirrhosis and fibrosis
and ascites.
Splenomegaly: due to blood
accumulations
Ascites: fluid accumulation in
abdomen

7. CLASSIFICATION OF HEART FAILURE
this traditional New York Heart Association
classification, has primarily been used as shorthand to
describe functional limitations:
Class I: No limitations. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue
fatigue, dyspnea, or palpitations.
Class II: Slight limitation of physical activity. Such patients are comfortable
at rest. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, or
angina.
Class III: Marked limitation of physical activity. Although patients are
comfortable at rest, less-than-ordinary activity leads to fatigue, dyspnea,
palpitations, or angina.
Class IV: Symptomatic at rest. Symptoms and symptoms of CHF are
present at rest; discomfort increases with any physical activity.

8. THANK-YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION
Reference:
www.mayoclinic.org
Article: sign and symptoms
of heart failure
www.heart.org
About heart failure ,
classification of heart
failure by NEW YORK
HEART ASSOCIATION.
Medical students note UR -
HEART FAILURE