Why does economics exist? We hope it has explanatory power to tell us what the heck is going on in modern consumer society. We also hope it could have predictive power to help us avoid catastrophe. Does economics fulfill these hopes?
This document provides an introduction and overview of anarchism. It begins by addressing common misconceptions about anarchism involving chaos and lack of order or cooperation. It then defines anarchism as a social philosophy that aims to emancipate humanity from all forms of authority and organize society voluntarily without force or compulsion. The document outlines some of the origins and schools of thought within anarchism. It also discusses key symbols and digital resources related to modern anarchist groups and ideas. In conclusion, it advocates experiencing life to its fullest and resisting those who try to impose limits on how one can live.
Kant argues that enlightenment involves humans emerging from self-imposed immaturity through courageously using their own understanding rather than relying on external guidance. He claims most people remain willingly immature due to laziness and find it easier to let others think for them through books, pastors, physicians, etc. Guardians have ensured the public sees maturity as dangerous by making them dependent on authority. True enlightenment only requires freedom of public reason and debate on all matters, which advances progress, while private reason may be restricted to maintain order. The 18th century represents an age of enlightenment, not complete enlightenment, as obstacles to independent thought are gradually diminishing.
8 Positive Thinking Assignments For StudNicole Adams
This document provides instructions for 8 positive thinking assignments for students. It outlines 5 steps: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete a paper request form, 3) Review writer bids and choose one, 4) Review the paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction. The goal is to help students develop positive thinking through writing assignments completed by expert writers.
Kant asserts that enlightenment involves man's ability to think independently without guidance from others. He argues that laziness and cowardice cause many people to remain willingly immature and accept the opinions of authority figures rather than think for themselves. True enlightenment, according to Kant, requires freedom - particularly freedom for public use of reason on all matters so that over time more people will learn to think independently and enlightenment can spread.
Purposeful law of attraction accomplishmentsRajayCalbert
Imagine for a moment that you have in your possession a source of absolute and everlasting power. You solely could command the warmth of the sunshine, the rain, the tides and the direction of the air. What would you perform with this kind of power? Would you abuse it causing the world to fall into absolute chaos? Would you be generous and openhearted, employing your power to serve the humans of your planet accomplish their greatest potential?
Proposals For Research Papers. Topic Proposals FoLiz Bundren
This document discusses racial profiling by law enforcement. It notes that several studies have found evidence that racial minorities like Blacks, Hispanics, and Middle Eastern people are more likely to be stopped, searched, and arrested by police than white people. However, some scholars argue these differences may be justified if minorities are more involved in criminal activities. The document also mentions a study by the New York Attorney General that found evidence of racial profiling in New York City. It aims to outline various studies, incidents, facts, and statistics around this issue of racial profiling and how it can undermine trust in law enforcement.
Your Grid for Week 6 assignment[click and type your name]Change Pl.docxdanielfoster65629
Your Grid for Week 6 assignment[click and type your name]Change Plan GridTopicFrequency or timelineStakeholders/AudiencePurposeCommunicatorMessageAuthorDelivery methodmeasure
DefinitionsTopic What is the topic of the communication? (A "re" statement)FrequencyHow often will this message go out? Regularly? Will there be updated versions? Once?AudienceWho will get this message? Why?PurposeWhat is the goal of the communication - what should it achieve?CommunicatorWho is going to actually have their name/voice on this communication?MessageWhat is the foundation of the message? Key points listed.AuthorWho is going to write the communication? (Use the name of the officer/change agent, for example, the CIO, CFO, CEO or the "CA" (change agent), HR Director, etc.) You don't actually write a person's nameDeliveryHow will the message be delivered and why that method? (i.e. email/phone conference/in person, etc.)MeasureHow will you measure or determine if the message successfully conveyed the information?
Sheet3
8
IMMANUEL KANT
What Is Enlightenment?
1784
Immanuel Kant's (1724-1804) first love was Newtonian science. The
progress that science and mathematics had made since the mid seventeenth
century fascinated him. He wanted to bring a comparable rigor, possibly
even progress, to all branches of philosophy: ethics, epistemology, and espe-
cially metaphysics. At the heart of the "Copernican revolution" that Kant
said he had begun in philosophy lay his belief that innate properties in the
mind—the rules of selecting and combining sense data—govern the
human construction of reality. In effect we think, but we also have the fac-
ulty of intuition, by which we grasp, for example, space and our position
within it. Intuition of space and place relate to Kant's attempt to construct
an enlightened ethical system. He believed that human beings must possess
an interior moral sense that can be refined, a knowledge that can be trans-
lated into behavior. ̀ Do I have, not merely a self-interested feeling, but also
a disinterested feeling of concern for others? Yes," Kant said. How to
achieve the moral balance between self-interest and benevolence occupied
much of his writing and teaching life. •
Kant lived out his sheltered days as a professor at Albertina Univer-
sity in Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad). He became famous largely as a
philosopher, and his formal philosophical writings are a mainstay of any
university curriculum today. Kant should be seen as singularly important
because of the range of his genius, his rigor in formal philosophy, and his
search for the abstract and the universal. The selection that follows has
been reprinted often. Its clarity and brevity recommend it, but many com-
mentators have failed to notice that it is a distinctively conservative doc-
ument. Think for yourself, Kant seems to be saying, but cause no trouble.
Leave the state and its institutions alone; conform; think original
thoughts after hours, in the privacy.
This document provides an introduction and overview of anarchism. It begins by addressing common misconceptions about anarchism involving chaos and lack of order or cooperation. It then defines anarchism as a social philosophy that aims to emancipate humanity from all forms of authority and organize society voluntarily without force or compulsion. The document outlines some of the origins and schools of thought within anarchism. It also discusses key symbols and digital resources related to modern anarchist groups and ideas. In conclusion, it advocates experiencing life to its fullest and resisting those who try to impose limits on how one can live.
Kant argues that enlightenment involves humans emerging from self-imposed immaturity through courageously using their own understanding rather than relying on external guidance. He claims most people remain willingly immature due to laziness and find it easier to let others think for them through books, pastors, physicians, etc. Guardians have ensured the public sees maturity as dangerous by making them dependent on authority. True enlightenment only requires freedom of public reason and debate on all matters, which advances progress, while private reason may be restricted to maintain order. The 18th century represents an age of enlightenment, not complete enlightenment, as obstacles to independent thought are gradually diminishing.
8 Positive Thinking Assignments For StudNicole Adams
This document provides instructions for 8 positive thinking assignments for students. It outlines 5 steps: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete a paper request form, 3) Review writer bids and choose one, 4) Review the paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction. The goal is to help students develop positive thinking through writing assignments completed by expert writers.
Kant asserts that enlightenment involves man's ability to think independently without guidance from others. He argues that laziness and cowardice cause many people to remain willingly immature and accept the opinions of authority figures rather than think for themselves. True enlightenment, according to Kant, requires freedom - particularly freedom for public use of reason on all matters so that over time more people will learn to think independently and enlightenment can spread.
Purposeful law of attraction accomplishmentsRajayCalbert
Imagine for a moment that you have in your possession a source of absolute and everlasting power. You solely could command the warmth of the sunshine, the rain, the tides and the direction of the air. What would you perform with this kind of power? Would you abuse it causing the world to fall into absolute chaos? Would you be generous and openhearted, employing your power to serve the humans of your planet accomplish their greatest potential?
Proposals For Research Papers. Topic Proposals FoLiz Bundren
This document discusses racial profiling by law enforcement. It notes that several studies have found evidence that racial minorities like Blacks, Hispanics, and Middle Eastern people are more likely to be stopped, searched, and arrested by police than white people. However, some scholars argue these differences may be justified if minorities are more involved in criminal activities. The document also mentions a study by the New York Attorney General that found evidence of racial profiling in New York City. It aims to outline various studies, incidents, facts, and statistics around this issue of racial profiling and how it can undermine trust in law enforcement.
Your Grid for Week 6 assignment[click and type your name]Change Pl.docxdanielfoster65629
Your Grid for Week 6 assignment[click and type your name]Change Plan GridTopicFrequency or timelineStakeholders/AudiencePurposeCommunicatorMessageAuthorDelivery methodmeasure
DefinitionsTopic What is the topic of the communication? (A "re" statement)FrequencyHow often will this message go out? Regularly? Will there be updated versions? Once?AudienceWho will get this message? Why?PurposeWhat is the goal of the communication - what should it achieve?CommunicatorWho is going to actually have their name/voice on this communication?MessageWhat is the foundation of the message? Key points listed.AuthorWho is going to write the communication? (Use the name of the officer/change agent, for example, the CIO, CFO, CEO or the "CA" (change agent), HR Director, etc.) You don't actually write a person's nameDeliveryHow will the message be delivered and why that method? (i.e. email/phone conference/in person, etc.)MeasureHow will you measure or determine if the message successfully conveyed the information?
Sheet3
8
IMMANUEL KANT
What Is Enlightenment?
1784
Immanuel Kant's (1724-1804) first love was Newtonian science. The
progress that science and mathematics had made since the mid seventeenth
century fascinated him. He wanted to bring a comparable rigor, possibly
even progress, to all branches of philosophy: ethics, epistemology, and espe-
cially metaphysics. At the heart of the "Copernican revolution" that Kant
said he had begun in philosophy lay his belief that innate properties in the
mind—the rules of selecting and combining sense data—govern the
human construction of reality. In effect we think, but we also have the fac-
ulty of intuition, by which we grasp, for example, space and our position
within it. Intuition of space and place relate to Kant's attempt to construct
an enlightened ethical system. He believed that human beings must possess
an interior moral sense that can be refined, a knowledge that can be trans-
lated into behavior. ̀ Do I have, not merely a self-interested feeling, but also
a disinterested feeling of concern for others? Yes," Kant said. How to
achieve the moral balance between self-interest and benevolence occupied
much of his writing and teaching life. •
Kant lived out his sheltered days as a professor at Albertina Univer-
sity in Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad). He became famous largely as a
philosopher, and his formal philosophical writings are a mainstay of any
university curriculum today. Kant should be seen as singularly important
because of the range of his genius, his rigor in formal philosophy, and his
search for the abstract and the universal. The selection that follows has
been reprinted often. Its clarity and brevity recommend it, but many com-
mentators have failed to notice that it is a distinctively conservative doc-
ument. Think for yourself, Kant seems to be saying, but cause no trouble.
Leave the state and its institutions alone; conform; think original
thoughts after hours, in the privacy.
Financial Engineering and Its Discontents by Emanuel Derman at QuantCon 2016Quantopian
Neoclassical finance has been with us for over half a century, and its methods have become somewhat uncritically ingrained in the minds of quants. From mean-variance optimization to options theory to behavioral finance, Dr. Derman will discuss which of these ideas work better, and which don’t.
When speaking of personal transformation and rebuilding the social order, one often hears the objection that this is Utopian, meaning an impossible dream. However, one of the requirements of such a transformation is precisely to have a positive vision of the future. Before beginning a building, all good architects make drawings and models to portray what they have in mind. Actors visualize their performance before going onto the stage. Successful companies develop a shared vision to which all staff members can commit themselves.
Paul Hawken's Commencement Address, Univ of Portland 2009Alain Benedict Yap
Paul Hawken gave a commencement address to the graduating class of 2009 at the University of Portland. He told the graduates that they will have to figure out what it means to be human on Earth as the planet's living systems decline rapidly. The Earth needs a new operating system and they are the programmers that must create it within a few decades. Hawken stated that humanity is working through millions of organizations to address the most pressing issues like climate change and they form the largest social movement ever seen, aiming to restore the planet and lives of the poor through connection rather than control. Working for the Earth is a way to be truly rich.
THE ROSICRUCIAN ORDER
PURPOSE AND WORK OF THE ORDER
The Rosicrucian Order, AMORC, is a philosophical and initiatic tradition. As students progress in their studies, they are initiated into the next level or degree.
Rosicrucians are men and women around the world who study the laws of nature in order to live in harmony with them. Individuals study the Rosicrucian lessons in the privacy of their own homes on subjects such as the nature of the soul, developing intuition, classical Greek philosophy, energy centers in the body, and self-healing techniques.
The Rosicrucian tradition encourages each student to discover the wisdom, compassion, strength, and peace that already resides within each of us.
Here, we’ll be discussing the principles of of sound public policies and their role in economic progress. Public policy can be generally defined as the course of action or inaction taken by governmental entities (the decisions of government) with regard to a particular issue or set of issues.
Public policies determine to a large extent how a country or an economy functions. In context of Nepal, we keep hearing either how bad policies are ruining our country or that even though our policies are good, it is the lack of proper implementation that’s hampering our progress. After reading this great article by Lawrence Reed, you will be able to analyze the policies of our government and their
implications.
The document discusses the judgement of reason regarding knowledge claims made by two groups - speculators and bearers of knowledge. It analyzes their positions in a court of reason and determines that the bearers of knowledge provide a more reasonable and probable claim given their unanimity, virtuous character, and consistency over time. Specifically:
1) The bearers of knowledge claim to have an uncommon means of receiving true knowledge, while being wise, truthful people of good character.
2) Their claim is supported by large numbers of people across time and place making the same consistent knowledge claims.
3) Their claim provides a more rational explanation of phenomena than speculative theories from the first group.
The "Truth" about Truth: A Nietzsche FeaturenoiseTM
Nietzsche questions the very concept of objective truth, arguing that [1] all writers and arguments are shaped by unconscious biases and subjective perspectives, [2] so-called "truths" are interpretations that reflect human values and serve human interests, and [3] concepts like universal truth exist only as useful fictions since reality is fundamentally unknowable. He asserts that [3] truth is a human construct that shifts with language and perspective over time, so we must look beyond surface arguments to uncover the unconscious beliefs and values driving any claim to truth.
This document discusses internal controls used in mind control programming. It describes how occult philosophies are taught to create frames of reference that make it difficult for victims to see the truth. Internal computers are elaborate arrangements of dissociated parts and memories built into the victim's mind to cause mechanical, computer-like responses. Specific programming techniques are used, such as flashing lights and grids, to install standard programming into different sections of the mind. The deepest computer, called the Beast computer, contains all the victim's history and is designed to mimic God's book of life in an evil manner.
This document discusses the history of citizenship and disability rights from the 1800s to today. It covers major events and developments such as the founding of asylums, eugenics movements, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, deinstitutionalization, and more recent issues like austerity, nationalism, and the elections of Trump and Brexit. Throughout this history are ideas of equality, community, citizenship, and the importance of diversity. The document presents a hopeful message that while there have been setbacks, concepts like basic income, disability pride, and global cooperation can help continue progress toward a more just and inclusive world.
- Relativism holds that points of view have no absolute truth and that knowledge, morality, and truth are relative to factors like culture or historical context rather than being absolute.
- There are two main forms of moral relativism - individual relativism where individuals create their own moral standards, and cultural relativism where morality is grounded in societal approval rather than individual preferences.
- The first expression of relativism was from Protagoras, who said that how things appear to each individual is true for that individual and there is no objective truth apart from individual perspectives.
abdui1.pdf8IMMANUEL KANTWhat Is Enlightenment17.docxannetnash8266
abdui1.pdf
8
IMMANUEL KANT
What Is Enlightenment?
1784
Immanuel Kant's (1724-1804) first love was Newtonian science. The
progress that science and mathematics had made since the mid seventeenth
century fascinated him. He wanted to bring a comparable rigor, possibly
even progress, to all branches of philosophy: ethics, epistemology, and espe-
cially metaphysics. At the heart of the "Copernican revolution" that Kant
said he had begun in philosophy lay his belief that innate properties in the
mind—the rules of selecting and combining sense data—govern the
human construction of reality. In effect we think, but we also have the fac-
ulty of intuition, by which we grasp, for example, space and our position
within it. Intuition of space and place relate to Kant's attempt to construct
an enlightened ethical system. He believed that human beings must possess
an interior moral sense that can be refined, a knowledge that can be trans-
lated into behavior. "Do I have, not merely a self-interested feeling, but also
a disinterested feeling of concern for others? Yes," Kant said. How to
achieve the moral balance between self-interest and benevolence occupied
much of his writing and teaching life.
Kant lived out his sheltered days as a professor at Albertina Univer-
sity in Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad). He became famous largely as a
philosopher, and his formal philosophical writings are a mainstay of any
university curriculum today. Kant should be seen as singularly important
because of the range of his genius, his rigor in formal philosophy, and his
search for the abstract and the universal. The selection that follows has
been reprinted often. Its clarity and brevity recommend it, but many com-
mentators have failed to notice that it is a distinctively conservative doc-
ument. Think for yourself Kant seems to be saying, but cause no trouble.
Leave the state and its institutions alone; conform; think original
thoughts after hours, in the privacy of your own home. The revolutionary
Locke, the outrageous authors of Treatise of the Three Impostors,
Diderot, Rousseau, and perhaps even Lady Mary Wortley Montagu would
*Immanuel Kant, 'What Is Enlightenment?" trans. Peter Gay, Introduction to Contempo-
rary Civilization in the West (New York: Columbia University Press, 1954), pp. 1071-76.
WHAT IS ENLIGHTENMENT? 203
probably not have agreed with Kant's desire to alter the political status
quo as little as possible.
Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed nonage.
Nonage is the inability to use one's own understanding without
another's guidance. This nonage is self-imposed if its cause lies not in
lack of understanding but in indecision and lack of courage to use
one's own mind without another's guidance. Dare to know! (Sapere
aude.) "Have the courage to use your own understanding," is there-
fore the motto of the enlightenment.
Laziness and cowardice are the reasons why such a large part of
mankind gladly remain min.
The Truth About Truth - A Nietzsche Feature (Darwin Festival version)noiseTM
Nietzsche is known for harping on about the inevitable break down of old moral/religious values in a post-Darwinian world. But often overlooked are his hugely influential thoughts on the nature of truth and certainty in a world that is essentially meaningless.
A New Social Covenant: Multicultural LeadershipRauly Ramirez
The principles of Learning from the Past, Individualism to Collective Identity, and a Spirit of Generosity as presented by Juana Bordas in "Salsa, Soul, and Spirit: Leadership for a Multicultural Age."
This revised version should replace the earlier one. But I can't find the edit button to delete the earlier version. I've removed most of the "warts" caused by converting a .key to a .pdf. This is a third edition of a high school text I wrote first in 1977. It will ultimately review the ideas about government by looking at the works of ten thinkers from Plato to Karl Marx. This first presentation introduces the series.
Defining the humanities is no longer as simple as it once was. At .docxvickeryr87
Defining the humanities is no longer as simple as it once was. At one time, the word “humanities,” which grew out of the term “ humanism,” simply meant the study of what the best minds of classical Greece and Rome—the great artists, writers, and
philosophers—had accomplished. During the Renaissance, the huge artistic and political revolution that swept over Western Europe beginning in the fourteenth century, interest revived in the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome—cultures that had been left largely unexamined during the thousand-year span following the fall of Rome. The intelligentsia of the Renaissance believed that only through a study of classical art, literature, and philosophy could a person become fully human.
These disciplines became known as the humanities. In time, the term grew beyond the study of Greek and Roman cultures to include those of major Western European countries: first Italy, then France and Spain, then Britain and, finally, Germany. As cultures multiplied, so did the disciplines people needed to study in pursuit of humanness. Music, theater, and dance began to flourish during the Renaissance, and scholars discovered that these disciplines were also part of the ancient world’s legacy.
More recently, this ethnocentric view of the humanities—the study of Western cultures—has expanded again to acknowledge the vast contributions of cultures beyond Europe. The art, music, theater, and literature of China, Japan, and other Asian nations, as well as those of Africa and the Americas, have become important additions to the study of the humanities.
In this book, we define the term humanities as broadly as possible. Yes, we still need to pay attention to extraordinary artistic and intellectual achievements that have been singled out for special praise and that now represent what is sometimes called the “humanistic tradition.” All of us belong to the human race and should want to know as much as possible about the distinguished contributions of those who have gone before. We may also find in our study of the humanities our response to the traditional mandate: Know thyself. By exploring the contributions of others, we begin to see how we ourselves might
contribute—not, perhaps, as great artists or writers or musicians, but as more thoughtful and critical human beings.
We do need to recognize that the “humanistic tradition” was for many centuries limited more or less to the contributions made by men of the classical and then the Western European worlds. Plato and Michelangelo and Shakespeare continue to deserve our admiration and reward our study. But our study should and does include those persons, both male and female, past and present, from around the globe, who may be little known or not known at all, who nevertheless left behind or who now offer a myriad of wonderful songs, poems, and provocative thoughts waiting to be appreciated.
The humanities are also the creative and intellectual expressions of each of us in momen.
The document provides steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines registering for an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadline, reviewing writer bids and choosing one, and authorizing payment after reviewing and revising the completed paper. It notes the site offers free revisions and refunds for plagiarized work.
The document summarizes key points from Part 11 of The Master Key System study group discussion. It provides an overview of the general format of the meeting, including a 1-minute silence, audiovisual presentation, discussion exercise, and tea. It then shares quotes on wisdom, law, and causation. The bulk of the document outlines 22 points on inductive reasoning and its role in understanding natural laws and phenomena, as well as harnessing the power of thought.
This document provides an introduction and first chapter of the book "Up-Wingers" by F.M. Esfandiary. It discusses the emergence of new conceptual frameworks called "Up" that transcend traditional right and left ideologies. These new frameworks are needed to accommodate breakthroughs in areas like space travel, genetics, and extending human life that defy existing social and political systems. The author argues that optimism is now the only relevant philosophy given humanity's emerging potential to overcome limitations of time and space through advances that open up limitless future possibilities.
Criteria for a great marketing book: ideas from psychology, behavioral economics, marketing, advertising, and business about how to influence behavior and buying patterns at the edges of bounded rationality
Leveraging Human experience into Customer experience
Financial Engineering and Its Discontents by Emanuel Derman at QuantCon 2016Quantopian
Neoclassical finance has been with us for over half a century, and its methods have become somewhat uncritically ingrained in the minds of quants. From mean-variance optimization to options theory to behavioral finance, Dr. Derman will discuss which of these ideas work better, and which don’t.
When speaking of personal transformation and rebuilding the social order, one often hears the objection that this is Utopian, meaning an impossible dream. However, one of the requirements of such a transformation is precisely to have a positive vision of the future. Before beginning a building, all good architects make drawings and models to portray what they have in mind. Actors visualize their performance before going onto the stage. Successful companies develop a shared vision to which all staff members can commit themselves.
Paul Hawken's Commencement Address, Univ of Portland 2009Alain Benedict Yap
Paul Hawken gave a commencement address to the graduating class of 2009 at the University of Portland. He told the graduates that they will have to figure out what it means to be human on Earth as the planet's living systems decline rapidly. The Earth needs a new operating system and they are the programmers that must create it within a few decades. Hawken stated that humanity is working through millions of organizations to address the most pressing issues like climate change and they form the largest social movement ever seen, aiming to restore the planet and lives of the poor through connection rather than control. Working for the Earth is a way to be truly rich.
THE ROSICRUCIAN ORDER
PURPOSE AND WORK OF THE ORDER
The Rosicrucian Order, AMORC, is a philosophical and initiatic tradition. As students progress in their studies, they are initiated into the next level or degree.
Rosicrucians are men and women around the world who study the laws of nature in order to live in harmony with them. Individuals study the Rosicrucian lessons in the privacy of their own homes on subjects such as the nature of the soul, developing intuition, classical Greek philosophy, energy centers in the body, and self-healing techniques.
The Rosicrucian tradition encourages each student to discover the wisdom, compassion, strength, and peace that already resides within each of us.
Here, we’ll be discussing the principles of of sound public policies and their role in economic progress. Public policy can be generally defined as the course of action or inaction taken by governmental entities (the decisions of government) with regard to a particular issue or set of issues.
Public policies determine to a large extent how a country or an economy functions. In context of Nepal, we keep hearing either how bad policies are ruining our country or that even though our policies are good, it is the lack of proper implementation that’s hampering our progress. After reading this great article by Lawrence Reed, you will be able to analyze the policies of our government and their
implications.
The document discusses the judgement of reason regarding knowledge claims made by two groups - speculators and bearers of knowledge. It analyzes their positions in a court of reason and determines that the bearers of knowledge provide a more reasonable and probable claim given their unanimity, virtuous character, and consistency over time. Specifically:
1) The bearers of knowledge claim to have an uncommon means of receiving true knowledge, while being wise, truthful people of good character.
2) Their claim is supported by large numbers of people across time and place making the same consistent knowledge claims.
3) Their claim provides a more rational explanation of phenomena than speculative theories from the first group.
The "Truth" about Truth: A Nietzsche FeaturenoiseTM
Nietzsche questions the very concept of objective truth, arguing that [1] all writers and arguments are shaped by unconscious biases and subjective perspectives, [2] so-called "truths" are interpretations that reflect human values and serve human interests, and [3] concepts like universal truth exist only as useful fictions since reality is fundamentally unknowable. He asserts that [3] truth is a human construct that shifts with language and perspective over time, so we must look beyond surface arguments to uncover the unconscious beliefs and values driving any claim to truth.
This document discusses internal controls used in mind control programming. It describes how occult philosophies are taught to create frames of reference that make it difficult for victims to see the truth. Internal computers are elaborate arrangements of dissociated parts and memories built into the victim's mind to cause mechanical, computer-like responses. Specific programming techniques are used, such as flashing lights and grids, to install standard programming into different sections of the mind. The deepest computer, called the Beast computer, contains all the victim's history and is designed to mimic God's book of life in an evil manner.
This document discusses the history of citizenship and disability rights from the 1800s to today. It covers major events and developments such as the founding of asylums, eugenics movements, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, deinstitutionalization, and more recent issues like austerity, nationalism, and the elections of Trump and Brexit. Throughout this history are ideas of equality, community, citizenship, and the importance of diversity. The document presents a hopeful message that while there have been setbacks, concepts like basic income, disability pride, and global cooperation can help continue progress toward a more just and inclusive world.
- Relativism holds that points of view have no absolute truth and that knowledge, morality, and truth are relative to factors like culture or historical context rather than being absolute.
- There are two main forms of moral relativism - individual relativism where individuals create their own moral standards, and cultural relativism where morality is grounded in societal approval rather than individual preferences.
- The first expression of relativism was from Protagoras, who said that how things appear to each individual is true for that individual and there is no objective truth apart from individual perspectives.
abdui1.pdf8IMMANUEL KANTWhat Is Enlightenment17.docxannetnash8266
abdui1.pdf
8
IMMANUEL KANT
What Is Enlightenment?
1784
Immanuel Kant's (1724-1804) first love was Newtonian science. The
progress that science and mathematics had made since the mid seventeenth
century fascinated him. He wanted to bring a comparable rigor, possibly
even progress, to all branches of philosophy: ethics, epistemology, and espe-
cially metaphysics. At the heart of the "Copernican revolution" that Kant
said he had begun in philosophy lay his belief that innate properties in the
mind—the rules of selecting and combining sense data—govern the
human construction of reality. In effect we think, but we also have the fac-
ulty of intuition, by which we grasp, for example, space and our position
within it. Intuition of space and place relate to Kant's attempt to construct
an enlightened ethical system. He believed that human beings must possess
an interior moral sense that can be refined, a knowledge that can be trans-
lated into behavior. "Do I have, not merely a self-interested feeling, but also
a disinterested feeling of concern for others? Yes," Kant said. How to
achieve the moral balance between self-interest and benevolence occupied
much of his writing and teaching life.
Kant lived out his sheltered days as a professor at Albertina Univer-
sity in Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad). He became famous largely as a
philosopher, and his formal philosophical writings are a mainstay of any
university curriculum today. Kant should be seen as singularly important
because of the range of his genius, his rigor in formal philosophy, and his
search for the abstract and the universal. The selection that follows has
been reprinted often. Its clarity and brevity recommend it, but many com-
mentators have failed to notice that it is a distinctively conservative doc-
ument. Think for yourself Kant seems to be saying, but cause no trouble.
Leave the state and its institutions alone; conform; think original
thoughts after hours, in the privacy of your own home. The revolutionary
Locke, the outrageous authors of Treatise of the Three Impostors,
Diderot, Rousseau, and perhaps even Lady Mary Wortley Montagu would
*Immanuel Kant, 'What Is Enlightenment?" trans. Peter Gay, Introduction to Contempo-
rary Civilization in the West (New York: Columbia University Press, 1954), pp. 1071-76.
WHAT IS ENLIGHTENMENT? 203
probably not have agreed with Kant's desire to alter the political status
quo as little as possible.
Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed nonage.
Nonage is the inability to use one's own understanding without
another's guidance. This nonage is self-imposed if its cause lies not in
lack of understanding but in indecision and lack of courage to use
one's own mind without another's guidance. Dare to know! (Sapere
aude.) "Have the courage to use your own understanding," is there-
fore the motto of the enlightenment.
Laziness and cowardice are the reasons why such a large part of
mankind gladly remain min.
The Truth About Truth - A Nietzsche Feature (Darwin Festival version)noiseTM
Nietzsche is known for harping on about the inevitable break down of old moral/religious values in a post-Darwinian world. But often overlooked are his hugely influential thoughts on the nature of truth and certainty in a world that is essentially meaningless.
A New Social Covenant: Multicultural LeadershipRauly Ramirez
The principles of Learning from the Past, Individualism to Collective Identity, and a Spirit of Generosity as presented by Juana Bordas in "Salsa, Soul, and Spirit: Leadership for a Multicultural Age."
This revised version should replace the earlier one. But I can't find the edit button to delete the earlier version. I've removed most of the "warts" caused by converting a .key to a .pdf. This is a third edition of a high school text I wrote first in 1977. It will ultimately review the ideas about government by looking at the works of ten thinkers from Plato to Karl Marx. This first presentation introduces the series.
Defining the humanities is no longer as simple as it once was. At .docxvickeryr87
Defining the humanities is no longer as simple as it once was. At one time, the word “humanities,” which grew out of the term “ humanism,” simply meant the study of what the best minds of classical Greece and Rome—the great artists, writers, and
philosophers—had accomplished. During the Renaissance, the huge artistic and political revolution that swept over Western Europe beginning in the fourteenth century, interest revived in the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome—cultures that had been left largely unexamined during the thousand-year span following the fall of Rome. The intelligentsia of the Renaissance believed that only through a study of classical art, literature, and philosophy could a person become fully human.
These disciplines became known as the humanities. In time, the term grew beyond the study of Greek and Roman cultures to include those of major Western European countries: first Italy, then France and Spain, then Britain and, finally, Germany. As cultures multiplied, so did the disciplines people needed to study in pursuit of humanness. Music, theater, and dance began to flourish during the Renaissance, and scholars discovered that these disciplines were also part of the ancient world’s legacy.
More recently, this ethnocentric view of the humanities—the study of Western cultures—has expanded again to acknowledge the vast contributions of cultures beyond Europe. The art, music, theater, and literature of China, Japan, and other Asian nations, as well as those of Africa and the Americas, have become important additions to the study of the humanities.
In this book, we define the term humanities as broadly as possible. Yes, we still need to pay attention to extraordinary artistic and intellectual achievements that have been singled out for special praise and that now represent what is sometimes called the “humanistic tradition.” All of us belong to the human race and should want to know as much as possible about the distinguished contributions of those who have gone before. We may also find in our study of the humanities our response to the traditional mandate: Know thyself. By exploring the contributions of others, we begin to see how we ourselves might
contribute—not, perhaps, as great artists or writers or musicians, but as more thoughtful and critical human beings.
We do need to recognize that the “humanistic tradition” was for many centuries limited more or less to the contributions made by men of the classical and then the Western European worlds. Plato and Michelangelo and Shakespeare continue to deserve our admiration and reward our study. But our study should and does include those persons, both male and female, past and present, from around the globe, who may be little known or not known at all, who nevertheless left behind or who now offer a myriad of wonderful songs, poems, and provocative thoughts waiting to be appreciated.
The humanities are also the creative and intellectual expressions of each of us in momen.
The document provides steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines registering for an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadline, reviewing writer bids and choosing one, and authorizing payment after reviewing and revising the completed paper. It notes the site offers free revisions and refunds for plagiarized work.
The document summarizes key points from Part 11 of The Master Key System study group discussion. It provides an overview of the general format of the meeting, including a 1-minute silence, audiovisual presentation, discussion exercise, and tea. It then shares quotes on wisdom, law, and causation. The bulk of the document outlines 22 points on inductive reasoning and its role in understanding natural laws and phenomena, as well as harnessing the power of thought.
This document provides an introduction and first chapter of the book "Up-Wingers" by F.M. Esfandiary. It discusses the emergence of new conceptual frameworks called "Up" that transcend traditional right and left ideologies. These new frameworks are needed to accommodate breakthroughs in areas like space travel, genetics, and extending human life that defy existing social and political systems. The author argues that optimism is now the only relevant philosophy given humanity's emerging potential to overcome limitations of time and space through advances that open up limitless future possibilities.
Criteria for a great marketing book: ideas from psychology, behavioral economics, marketing, advertising, and business about how to influence behavior and buying patterns at the edges of bounded rationality
Leveraging Human experience into Customer experience
Creative thinking is a skill that can be developed and improved. Creativity is not just for artists and musicians.
Commercial enterprises need to create new products and services that have value for customers. Innovation and invention require novel ideas. Businesses need to solve problems and overcome obstacles. All solutions to problems start as ideas. These are all creative endeavors.
The Purpose of Economics: lift nine tenths of mankindMBA ASAP
In a Misery of this Sort, admitting some few Lenities, and those too but a few, nine Parts in ten of the whole Race of Mankind drudge through Life.
Edmund Burke, A Vindication of Natural Society, 1756
The new economics have transformed the lives of everyone on the planet!
The notion that the nine parts of mankind could free itself from its age-old fate took hold in the Victorian era in London
It is still spreading.
Negotiating | A Practical and Principled ApproachMBA ASAP
Negotiation is a continuing problem solving process. It’s getting people with both common and conflicting interest to come together to arrange or adjust their future relationship by making a joint decision.
Strategic Management of Healthcare OrganizationsMBA ASAP
Health Care costs have been growing at an unsustainable rate. Reaching an estimated 17.3 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2009, according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), representing the largest one-year increase in history when the nation itself was in the midst of the “great recession.” Predictions are for health care costs to be 19.3 percent of GDP in 2019 (four times the 5.1 percent of GDP in 1960). Despite the high cost of health care, gaps and inequities persisted, leading to health care reform. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), or commonly Affordable Care Act (ACA) is attempting to change the US health care system from a volume-based to a value-based model.
Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It deals with all aspects of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.
Business statistics is the science of good decision making in the face of uncertainty and is used in many disciplines such as financial analysis, econometrics, auditing, production and operations including six sigma, and marketing research
More and more data is collected as a by-product of doing business and by government agencies.
Managerial Economics | Overview and SummaryMBA ASAP
Managerial economics deals with the application of the economic concepts, theories, tools and methodologies to solve practical problems in a business. It helps the manager in decision making and acts as a link between practice and theory.
Managing Strategic Momentum | Making Strategy WorkMBA ASAP
Strategy is usually viewed as an annual exercise at best, an event that creates a ‘product,' and not a process to be used to actually run the business
Disconnect between Strategy and Tactics
The only legitimate work in an organization is work that contributes to the accomplishment of the strategic plan.
It takes the orchestration of management as well as leadership to perpetuate these capabilities into the future.
Strategy matters even more to entrepreneurs than to established businesses. Yet lean methods for innovation also have a lot of value. The two are not in conflict; rather their reconciliation in the lean strategy process holds out hope for entrepreneurs in organizations of all sizes to become agile, effective innovators.
Any resource-constrained organization needs a strategy that defines boundaries.
Clarifying what is in and what is out of bounds ensures that experimentation is not rampant and is encouraged within those parameters.
It helps firms identify the long-term attractiveness of possible business models or market spaces before testing their feasibility.
By combining strategy and experimentation in such a fashion, all firms can greatly increase the odds of achieving lasting success
is the periodic process of developing a set of steps for an organization to accomplish its mission and vision using strategic thinking.
Putting the pieces of the puzzle together.
provides a sequential, step-by-step process for creating a strategy,
involves periodic group strategic thinking (brainstorming) sessions,
requires data/information, but incorporates consensus and judgment,
establishes organizational focus,
facilitates consistent decision making,
reaches consensus on what is required to fit the organization with the external environment, and
results in a documented strategic plan
Business Models for Writers | Content Creation, Dissemination, and MonetizationMBA ASAP
Content Production Workflow
Or
Enter the Matrix
I would like to share with you ways I have used to build and expand your brand and writer’s platform by creating a personal media ecosystem. Content is King. We all work and aspire to create great content with readers and audiences and fans in mind. We have repositories of content and ideas that can be leveraged and repurposed in different formats across multiple channels to increase awareness and capture new fans and customers. 1,000 true fans can support a sustainable artistic livelihood.
Potential readers have a wide variety of choices in the way they consume and enjoy information and content that begins as writing. You can monetize your writing by getting creative about repurposing your content across a variety of social media and sales channels. A digital first strategy focuses on taking advantage of platforms and partners that are very inexpensive and in many cases costless. Become aware of business model choices that create multiple revenue streams.
I will show you my content production workflow that stems from my writing and forms a matrix of properties that are then promoted and sold in a variety of ways. Leverage computer and web tools for content repurposing and do it all yourself. These ancillary revenue streams and promotional channels can help you support a sustainable creative living.
Strategic Thinking for Competitive AdvantageMBA ASAP
Leaders, similar to great athletes, must simultaneously play the game and observe it as a whole.
Keep perspective and see the big picture – not get lost in the action.
“All enterprises or projects, big or small, begin in the mind's eye; they begin with imagination and with the belief that what is merely an image can one day be made real.”
Vision and a sense of the future
Strategic thinking requires a mindset – a way of thinking or intellectual process that
accepts change,
analyzes the causes and outcomes of change,
attempts to direct an organization's future to capitalize on the changes.
From the Greek στρατηγία stratēgia, "art of troop leader; generalship"
Strategy is a high-level plan to achieve one or more goals under conditions of uncertainty and limited resources.
A comprehensive way to try to pursue political ends, including the threat or actual use of force, in a dialectic of wills in a military conflict, in which both adversaries interact.
Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve these goals are usually limited. Strategy generally involves setting goals, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions. A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means (resources). Strategy can be intended or can emerge as a pattern of activity as the organization adapts to its environment or competes. It involves activities such as strategic planning and strategic thinking.
A device such as a word or a logo can only be considered a trademark or a service mark if it is distinctive. A distinctive word or logo is one that is capable of distinguishing the goods or services upon which it is used from the goods or services of others. A non-distinctive device is one that merely describes or names a characteristic or quality of the goods or services.
There is a spectrum of trademarks based on their strength. Devices that are fanciful, arbitrary, or suggestive are considered distinctive enough to function as trademarks.
A work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a manuscript or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.
A generic trademark, also known as a genericized trademark or proprietary eponym, is a trademark or brand name that, due to its popularity or significance, has become the generic name for, or synonymous with, a general class of product or service, usually against the intentions of the trademark's holder. The process of a product's name becoming genericized is known as genericide.
This document discusses various concepts related to money and banking including different types of monetary standards like the gold standard, bimetallic standard, and fiat currency. It also covers banking topics such as the functions of banks, demand deposits, the fractional banking system, and the multiplier effect. Key banking terms discussed include liquidity, solvency, leverage, and the roles of the FDIC, central banks, and the Federal Reserve.
Economic activity relies on group agreement relative to the value of assets and their prices. When prices rise, people tend to get excited and buy more, bidding prices higher. This is called speculation or irrational exuberance. Values can only defy gravity for so long and when folks begin to realize assets may be over-priced, panic selling brings it all crashing down. Pop.
The crash which usually follows an economic bubble can destroy a large amount of wealth and cause continuing economic malaise.
Here are some of the more infamous bubble bursting events and “adjustments” that have occurred since the industrial revolution and our thinking about economics began.
This ties the earlier threads together and goes on a deeper dive into some of the challenges and issues facing managers and leaders. Now its your turn...
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutionsshruti1menon2
Ensuring robust asset quality is not just a mere aspect but a critical cornerstone for the stability and success of financial institutions worldwide. It serves as the bedrock upon which profitability is built and investor confidence is sustained. Therefore, in this presentation, we delve into a comprehensive exploration of strategies that can aid financial institutions in achieving and maintaining superior asset quality.
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
The Universal Account Number (UAN) by EPFO centralizes multiple PF accounts, simplifying management for Indian employees. It streamlines PF transfers, withdrawals, and KYC updates, providing transparency and reducing employer dependency. Despite challenges like digital literacy and internet access, UAN is vital for financial empowerment and efficient provident fund management in today's digital age.
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy VisaAmit Kakkar
Discover essential details about Thailand's recent visa policy changes, tailored for tourists and students. Amit Kakkar Easy Visa provides a comprehensive overview of new requirements, application processes, and tips to ensure a smooth transition for all travelers.
6. People realized they could predict:
Shortest and Longest Days Movements of the Moon
7. The idea of Predicating evokes an age-old
debate between two lines of thought:
Predestination Free Will
8.
9. Predestination
• Saint Augustine
• Calvinism
• Under this philosophy,
humans might have the
ability to predict the
course they would follow.
But there was nothing
they could do to alter it.
Everything is carried out
in accordance with a
divine plan.
10. Free Will
• Saint Thomas Aquinas
• Jesuits
• We have free will
• If you want to predict
the future, create it.
11. Age of Enlightenment
• Knowledge is Power
• Isaac Newton’s laws of
motion and mechanics
• The universe was highly
predictable and orderly,
abiding by simple physical
laws
• Alexander Pope: God said
“let Newton be, and all
was light”
• F=ma
12. Scientific Determinism
• Pierre-Simon Laplace
• Laplace’s Demon:
– Given perfect knowledge
of present conditions,
– And perfect knowledge
of the laws that govern
the universe
– We ought to be able to
make perfect predictions
14. Adam Smith
• Wealth of Nations
• 1776
• Division of Labor
• Market Economies
• The Invisible Hand of
the marketplace guides
self-interest into
promoting general
economic well-being.
15. Invisible Hand
Man has almost constant occasion for the help of
his brethren, and it is in vain for him to expect it
from their benevolence only. He will be more
likely to prevail if he can interest their self-love in
his favour, and show them that it is for their own
advantage to do for him what he requires of
them.. . Give me that which I what, and you shall
have this which you want, is the meaning of every
such offer; and it is in this manner that we obtain
from one another the far greater part of those
good offices which we stand in need of.
16. Invisible Hand
It is not from the benevolence of the butcher,
the brewer, or the baker that we expect our
dinner, but from their regard to their own
interest. We address ourselves, not to their
humanity but to their self-love, and never talk
to them of our own necessities but of their
advantages. Nobody but a beggar chooses to
depend chiefly upon the benevolence of his
fellow citizens.
17. Wealth of Nations
Invisible Hand
Every individual… neither intends to promote
the public interest, nor knows how much he is
promoting it… He intends only his own gain,
and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by
an invisible hand to promote an end which
was no part of his intention. Nor is it always
the worse for the society that it was no part of
it. By pursuing this own interest he frequently
promotes that of the society more effectually
than when he really intends to promote it.