the human circulatory system

1. The Circulatory System

2. The circulatory system is the life support structure that
nourishes your cells with nutrients from the food you eat and
oxygen from the air you breathe. It can be compared to a
complex arrangement of highways, avenues and lanes
connecting all the cells together into a neighborhood.
Sequentially, the community of cells sustains the body to stay
alive. Another name for the circulatory system is the
cardiovascular system. The circulatory system functions with
other body systems to deliver different
materials in the body. It circulates vital elements such as oxygen
and nutrients. At the same time, it also transports wastes away
from the body.

4. The following are the three major parts of the circulatory
system, with their roles:
1. Heart – pumps the blood throughout the body
2. Blood vessel – carries the blood throughout the body
 Arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the
cells,
tissues and organs of the body
 Veins - carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
 Capillaries - the smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting
the
smallest arteries to the smallest veins
- the actual site where gases and nutrients are exchanged
3. Blood – carries the materials throughout the body

5. TYPE OF CIRCULATION DESCRIPTION DIAGRAM
1. Pulmonary Circulation Movement of blood
from
the heart, to the lungs,
and
back to the heart
2. Coronary Circulation Movement of blood
through the tissues of
the heart
3. Systemic Circulation Movement of blood
from
the heart to the rest of
the
body, excluding the
lungs
Circulation

6. The Human Heart
 The heart is a hollow muscle, which is just as big as your fist. It
has four chambers with specific tasks to do: two ventricles and
two atria. The atria are the receiving chambers of the heart,
accepting blood from the body (right atrium) and from the lungs
(left atrium). The ventricles are the pumping chambers, moving
blood to the lungs (right ventricle) and into the body (left
ventricle).

7. The heart has two pumps. Each pump has two
chambers, the upper and lower chambers. The upper
chamber is the atrium that receives blood coming in
from the veins. The lower chamber is the ventricle
that forces the blood out into the arteries. There is a
valve between each atrium and ventricle to prevent
the blood from flowing backwards. The valves are
like one-way doors that keep the blood moving in
only one direction. Valves control movement of blood
into the heart chambers and out to the aorta and the
pulmonary artery

8. THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

9. All of the muscle tissues of the heart do not
contract at the same time. Different parts of the
heart contract at different times. When the top
portion contracts, the bottom part relaxes. When the
bottom contracts, the top relaxes. When a chamber
contracts, it becomes smaller and the blood inside
gets squeezed or pumped out.

10. KEY CONCEPTS
The heart is a hollow muscular organ, about the size of your
fist, which is located in the center of your chest between the
lungs. It is a double pump that pumps on the left and right
sides. Every side is divided into two chambers, the atrium
and the ventricle, each of which has left and right portion,
totaling to four chambers altogether. The top chamber is the
atrium (plural: atria). The bottom chamber is called the
ventricle. The valve acts as a oneway door, allowing blood
to flow either forward into the next chamber, or out of the
heart.

14. The Rhythm of My Heart
Objectives:
 Measure and describe your pulse (heart rate) after several different activities
 Explain how to use different time intervals to measure your heart rate
Materials:
Stopwatch / timer
Data Logbook
Procedure:
1. Sit quietly for a few minutes before beginning the activity.
2. When you are ready, place your first two fingers either on your neck or on the inside of your wrist and locate your
pulse.
3. Once you find your pulse, start the watch, and for 60 seconds, count the number of beats you feel. That is your pulse.
4. Try the experiment again, but this time count for only 30 seconds. When you are done, multiply your count by two.
Compare your pulses.
5. Repeat by counting for 15 seconds and multiplying your count by four, then counting for 10 seconds and multiplying by
six, and so on.
6. Once you have determined your resting pulse, go to a place where you can exercise vigorously for at least one
minute. Exercise of this sort might include a fast jog, running stairs, skipping rope, or doing pushups. When you are
done, you should be breathing hard.
7. Choose the length of the test you wish to perform and find your pulse again.
8. Compare your resting pulse with your pulse after exercise.
9. After the activity, record your observations and answer the guide questions.

15. Guide Questions:
Q20. What was your calculated resting pulse?
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Q21. What was your pulse after exercising?
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Q22. How would you differentiate your heart rates before and after exercising?
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Q23. What is the advantage of timing for a full minute to find your pulse?
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Q24. What is the advantage of timing over a shorter period of time, especially when you
have just finished exercising?
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Q25. According to statistics, the maximum heart rate should be 220 minus a person's
age. How would you interpret your highest heart rate in relation to that given number?
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