3. INTRODUCTION
• Culture is the way of life of people.
• The word “culture” is derived from the Latin word
“cultura” means”to cultivate”(to cultivate good
manners and habits).
• Culture is that complex whole which includes
knowledge,belief,arts,morals,law, custom and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of the society.
4. CULTURAL LAG
• The term”CULTURAL LAG” was coined by the US
Sociologist and Educator William Ogburn in 1922.
• It refers to the imbalance in the culture of a
society due to different rate of changes happening
in the material and non-material aspects of the
culture.
• Ogburn has divided culture into 2 parts : material
and non-material culture.
• Material: economic, technical, industrial, science,
means of transport etc…
5.
6.
7. • Non-material: values, beliefs, custom, practice,
tradition, moral, institution like family, religion,
education etc…
• He used cultural lag to describe the gap between the
material culture and non-material culture.
• Cultural lag occurs when one phase of culture changes
more rapidly from another phase.
• According to Ogburn, cultural lag is a common societal
phenomenon due to the tendency of material culture to
evolve and change rapidly and voluminously while non-
material culture tends to resist change and remain fixed
8. • Cultural lag causes social problems and cultural
conflicts.
• Education is the only means to bridge the gap between
material culture and non-material culture through
consciously planned curricular and co-curricular
activities.
• Example: Differing attitude found in various groups
about jobs that are suitable for women.
• Proper well planned education should be given to
remove the cultural lag.
9. CULTURAL INERTIA
• The term “CULTURAL INERTIA” was coined by
Psychologist Michael Zarate.
• It refers to the desire to avoid cultural changes and to
cling to traditions and ways of thinking that have
outlived their usefulness even when better ways are
presented.
• It is the resistance to change.
• Example: Resistance to use computers in offices when
they were introduced.
10. • Also the desire for change to continue once it is already
occuring.
• Within the cultural inertia framework, the dominant
group is stable and resists cultural change.
• While subordinate groups desire cultural changes which
incorporate their cultural traditions so that they don’t
have to assimilate into the dominant culture.
• Example:In the context of the United States and
immigration, the framework suggest that while majority
members resist the cultural change that occurs from
immigration.
11. CULTURAL DIFFUSION
• It is the process through which the ideas,
beliefs,practices, food habits,art, literature etc of a
particular culture are spread (diffused) through an area
beyond the culture who came up with the idea.
• Example: Spread of Christianity, Buddhism, different
languages,food habits etc…
• Cultural diffusion can be seen in many different cultures
throughout the world.
• Things that are spread through diffusion include ideas,
values, concepts, knowledge, practices, behaviours,
materials and symbols.
12.
13. • The study of cultural diffusion was pioneered by
Anthropologists.
• Edward Tylor,a British Anthropologist,who wrote during
the mid- 19th C,posed the theory of cultural diffusion as
an alternative to using the theory of cultural evolution to
explain cultural similarities.
• Following the Tylor, the German-American Anthropologist
Franz Boas developed a theory of cultural diffusion for
explaining how the process works among areas that are
close to each other.
• These scholars observed that cultural diffusion happens
when societies that have different ways of life come into
14. CONCLUSION
• Cultural lag is seen as a critical ethical issue because
failure to develop broad social consensus an appropriate
uses of modern technology may lead to breakdown in
social solidarity and the rise of social conflicts.
• Cultural inertia causes differential preferences for
cultural change as a function of the extend to which
people identity with a cultural group, their sense of
esteem for a cultural group and the perception that a
culture is (or is not) already changing.
• Cultural diffusion has lead to enrichment of
cultures.similarly, cultural diffusion enhances peace by
15. REFERENCES
• “Teaching And Research Aptitude”
. -Dr.K.Kautilya
• “Social Change With Respect To Cultural And Original
Nature”
. -William Fielding Ogburn
