RR Naval Propulsion for 21 Century

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Naval Propulsion – The 21st Century and
Beyond
Facilitating the needs of future surface combatants
Simon O’Connor BEng MIMarEst
Principal Marine Engineer
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While the information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce plc, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not
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Agenda
2
Introduction
01
02 Overview & Trends in Power &
Propulsion
03
04
Single GT Hybrid – an Enabler for
Future Proofing
05
Next Generation Large Surface
Combatants
Conclusions

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Introduction
Propulsion System Expertise - Worldwide
 Equipment in 70 navies
 Concept studies for 30+ navies
 Cost versus capability
 Mechanical, all-electric and hybrid
 Objective and unbiased due to expansive portfolio

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Overview &
Trends in Power &
Propulsion
1980s – Mechanical systems featuring medium power gas
turbines and locomotive derived diesel engines
• Good efficiency at design point
• Diesel engines elevated acoustic signature for during Anti-
Submarine Warfare (ASW) operations
1990s – Hybrid systems such as the UK RN Type 23 introduced
power electronics and increased automation
• Reduced through-life costs due to combining system
running hours for power generation and propulsion
• Increased efficiency for cruise than diesels and offered
excellent ASW performance
• Compromised by low power legacy GTs (RR Spey, GE
LM2500) – Twin GT CODLAG installation necessary despite
drivers for lower cost
2000s – All electric vessels the next logical step for large
surface combatants. Increasing electrical loads led to the
‘power station’ concept
• Hybrid was seen as a big success – with increasing load
demand next step was to electrify everything
• Lower overall system running hours and improved efficiency
e.g. T45,
DDG1000, QEC2000’s
1990’s
1980’s
e.g. Karel
Doorman, F123,
Lupo Class
Historical Trends in GT-Powered Propulsion

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Overview &
Trends in Power &
Propulsion
2000’s
1
2
3
4
• Twin GT COmbined Diesel eLectric And Gas (CODLAG) – hybrid
• Diesel-electric for low noise Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) operations and cruise up to
15 knots
• CODLAG for 28+ knots
• Low noise for ASW
1. Fixed pitch propellers
2. Propulsion motors only
3. De-clutching gearbox
4. Enclosed and isolated diesel generators
Type 23 Frigate
4

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Lower Life Cycle Costs (LCC)
• More affordable / supportable
• Lower initial cost
Higher system efficiency
• Better use of prime movers; lower fuel burn and maintenance
Lower reliance on crew for maintenance
• Lean manned vessel
• Lower trained, cheaper maintainers
More adaptable to support mission-system upgrades
• Longer ship life
• Greater overall affordability
Overview &
Trends in Power &
Propulsion
Modern Day Requirements

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Single GT Hybrid
– an Enabler for
Future Proofing
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
%timeperannum
Deliveredpower(KWe)
Knots
ESTIMATED Power-Speed curve
ASW profile (Generic)
AAW profile (D32)
ESTIMATED Power vs Speed curve, with AAW & ASW operating profiles• Single GT COmbined Diesel eLectric Or Gas (CODLOG) –
hybrid
• High-end ASW performance (ultra-low underwater noise)
• Adaptable and futureproof via design margins, with ‘Or’
arrangement
• Sufficient survivability
• Great match to operating profile: low whole life cost and
range
Type 26 FFX-II & III FREMM F110 SQ2020 F125
Diesel Generators
Propulsion
Motors
Cross-
Connect
gearbox
GT
21st Century Technology

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Designated
Emergency /
Salvage DGs
~10m
Spacesaving
Experience in Europe and Asia with
single-GT hybrid;
• P&P system configured over four
relatively short machinery spaces
• Acceptable survivability via separation
• SCR on Diesel-Gensets only (no main
diesel)
• Releasing space for mission systems
• Shorter LOA
Single GT Hybrid
– an Enabler for
Future Proofing
Optimisation of Space – or Reduced Vessel Length

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Next Generation
Large Surface
Combatants
Chief of Naval Operations (CNO),
Admiral John Richardson
United States Navy
2018, Defense News
“ Buy as much power as you
can afford because it’s like
RAM on your computer,
you’re going to need more
as soon as you buy it. ”

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Next Generation
Large Surface
Combatants
1990’s
2000’s
2010
2018
1st Gen
0.5 Gen
1.5 Gen
Albion Class and Wave Class ships
• Medium speed diesel generator based IFEP system
• Commercially available equipment – including propulsion
motor
Type 45 Destroyer
• First fully navalised IFEP system in combatant class vessel
• Incorporated many new technologies optimised around
efficiency
Queen Elizabeth Aircraft Carrier
• Leveraged electric propulsion equipment from T45
• Benefitted substantially from the T45 experiences
• Result: larger, more robust power system
IFEP - the Journey So Far
Integrated Full Electric Propulsion

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Next Generation
Large Surface
Combatants
On board load composition
• Ratio between on board electrical power and propulsion
power converging
• Next generation weapons and sensors drive electrical power
requirements
• Becomes more efficient to integrate power generation when
the ‘sweet spot’ is hit
?
IFEP – the Rationale

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Next Generation
Large Surface
Combatants
Technology requirements of future surface combatants:
• Higher power hotel and sensor loads
• Electromagnetic and directed energy weapons
• Energy storage:
• Robustness
• Pulse load handling
• ASW
• Engine life management
• Power density
Fiscal requirements for future surface combatants:
• Efficiency
• Cost effectiveness
• Maintenance
• Enable multi-mission flexibility / adaptability
The challenges for 2nd Generation IFEP

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Next Generation
Large Surface
Combatants
Performance and through life cost:
• Variable speed generation
• Optimised fuel burn
• Optimised maintenance
• Improved response to transient load demand
• Reduce conductor cross-section
• Reduced transmission losses
Supplement SGO with ESD:
• Offering efficiency whilst offering blackout prevention
• Spinning reserve requirement satisfied without burning
fuel
Ease of energy storage integration:
• Sits on DC bus or DC link
• Enables silent running, blackout prevention, pulse loads
etc.
• Easily distributed across the vessel
Can MV DC be the answer?

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Conclusions
Power and propulsion must be designed around modern arrangements and equipment
• Electrical power generation is a strategic resource
• Thinking about technology insertion through-life, system growth – margins are
essential!
• Avoid obsolescence – naval procurement programmes may extend beyond ten years
• Military relevance must be maintained – the P&P system is at the core of this
Next generation large surface combatants will likely feature IFEP
• More robust power system design
• Integration of energy storage
• Facilitating high energy / directed energy weapons
• Enabling variable speed prime mover operation
Staying Ahead of the Curve

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