DISEASES ON RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. RESPIRATORY AND
CIRCULATORY DISEASES
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2. Respiratory disease that affect your
airways and lungs caused by infection,
smoking cigarettes or by breathing in second
hand cigarette smoke, or other forces of air
pollution. There are diseases associated with
the respiratory system. Some of these are
discussed below.
1. Asthma – is a condition when a person
experiences difficulty in breathing as a result
of the narrowing and swelling of the
bronchial airways. This can be triggered by
allergies brought by pollens, dust, fumes,
and certain foods and medications, air
pollutants and bacteria. can lead to death.
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3. 2. Common Cold – is among
the most common respiratory
disease. This is a disease
affecting the upper
respiratory tract (nose and
throat). It is transmitted by
virus infected airborne
droplets or by direct contact
with infected secretions.
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4. 3. Pneumonia – is the infection
of the lungs caused by viruses
and bacteria wherein the alveoli
in the lungs are inflamed and
become filled with liquid and
pus making it difficult for the
lungs to transfer oxygen to the
blood. If not treated
immediately this serious
medical condition can lead to
death..
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5. 4. Influenza – is commonly
called the flu. It is caused by the
influenza virus that attacks your
throat, nose and lungs. It is a
highly contagious disease and can
spread directly through air
droplets when people with flu
sneeze, cough or talk and spread
indirectly with objects
contaminated with virus.
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6. 6. Tuberculosis (TB) – is a
bacterial infections of the lungs
caused by mycobacterium
tuberculosis, which is an
airborne disease that can spread
from person to person through
respiratory droplets via
coughing and sneezing. This
may cause death if not treated
early and properly
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7. 7. Coronavirus disease 2019
(Covid-19)
- is a serious global infectious disease
caused by a new strain of coronavirus
that infect both people and animals. The
virus passes through the nose, sinuses,
and throat and reached the lungs. It can
spread the same way with other
coronaviruses mainly through person-to-
person contact by respiratory droplets
and through contact with contaminated
objects.
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8. Circulatory Disease is an interruption,
blockage, or diseases that affect how you
heart or blood vessels pump blood. Diseases
of the blood vessels and the heart are known
as cardiovascular diseases.
There are ways to prevent circulatory
diseases by living a healthy lifestyle.
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9. Some of the common conditions affecting the Circulatory System
1. Atherosclerosis – is a condition that
develops when a substance called plaque
builds up in the walls of the arteries
making it harder for blood to flow
through. If a blood clot forms, it can
block the blood flow that can cause heart
attack or stroke. The risk factors for this
diseases are smoking, eating food high in
fats, excessive alcohol intake, diabetes
and increased stress.
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10. 2. Stroke – occurs when it
damages the brain when a
blood vessels gets blocked or
leaked usually from a blood
clot. Some risk factors for
stroke include smoking, high
blood pressure, excessive
alcohol intake and diabetes.
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11. 3. Hypertension – is another name
for high blood pressure. It can lead to
severe health complications. Is also
known as the silent killer due to the
fact that people with hypertension
usually has no symptoms. The causes
of this disease includes obesity,
diabetes, lack of fruits and vegetables
in the diet and high salt intake.
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12. 4. Heart attack – occurs
when the blood flow to the part
of the heart is blocked by blood
clot, the heart muscle supplied
by the artery begins to die. The
causes for the heart attack are
atherosclerosis, diabetes, high-
blood pressure and gender
(more common in males).
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13. Ways to prevent Respiratory and Circulatory Diseases
1.Good nutrition, good sleep and rest enhances your immune system
that helps the body to resist infections. And avoid eating high
cholesterol and fatty foods.
2.Do not smoke. Cigarettes contain harmful substances that can be fatal
to your body.
3.Exercise regularly. It improves the health of your lungs and heart.
4.Observe strict personal hygiene. Always keep your body clean
because it will reduce the risk of catching any diseases.
5.Avoid crowds. Avoid direct contact with person suffering from
respiratory diseases. To avoid contamination it is very important to
take all the necessary precautions. 13

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Lifestyle is define as someone’s way
of living that a person or particular
group of people usually do. Lifestyle
has a direct effect on the organs of the
respiratory and circulatory system.

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Among the cause of these diseases, four
causes may be observed: cigarette
smoking, excessive alcohol
intake, stress and high level of
fat and cholesterol in the blood.

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• Different reasons why some people smoke
• Cigarettes contain harmful substances
• Cigarettes contain nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar.
Nicotine is an addictive substance that increases heart
rate and blood pressure.
Tar is a carcinogen (substance that causes cancer) that
coats the teeth, damages the gums, numbs the taste buds
and causes bad breath.
Carbon monoxide is toxic to the body that prevents
haemoglobin to carry the oxygen in the blood
throughout the body.

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Excessive alcohol will increases
triglycerides in the blood and influence
calorie intake. Stresses especially work
related stress and emotional stress
decreases the resistance to heart disease
that lead to hypertension. When a person is
under stress is more likely to smoke and
tends to overeat.

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SOME WAYS TO HAVE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
1.Exercise regularly is important to maintain a healthy body system
that makes our lungs and heart stronger.
2.Do not smoke and drink alcohol. If you are thinking of starting
smoking and alcohol drinking, do not! Stay away from people who
do this habit.
3.Eat a healthy diet. Proper diet enables a person to maintain a
healthy weight which is important in keeping the respiratory and
circulatory organs healthy.
4.Take time to relax and avoid stress because it affects the conditions
of our respiratory and circulatory system.