To attain more learning outcomes

2. • Universal Exposition in the City
on May 6, 1889
• Campaign for reform in
Barcelona and Madrid
• Became a Visionary Journalist

3. • Libraries and Museums in Acapulco, Sevilla,
Madrid, Paris, London and Berlin
• Rizal conceived of the Organization of an
International Association of Philippinologist
–Proposed President: Ferdinand Blumentritt
–Proposed Secretary: Jose Rizal
• It did not materialize and the organization
remained an association of best friends.
Dr. Blumentritt

4. Rizal and the Exposition of 1889
• Kidlat Club- to bring together the
youthful Filipinos
• Indios Bravos (Brave Indians)- replaced
the Kidlat Club; the members of this
organization vowed to excel in intellectual
and physical prowess in order to gain the
admiration of foreigners especially the
Spaniards.
• Sociedad R.D.L.M ( Redencion de los
Malayos )- aim is the propagation of all
useful knowledge in the Philippines

5. • Annotation of Morga’s Sucesos
• Satirical essay “Por Telefono” in response to Fr. Salvador Font
with a pen-name “Dimas Alang”
• Establishments of Modern College in Hong Kong – one who
pledged was Mariano Cunanan amounting to P40,000.00.
• Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos
• Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos

6. • Rizal left Paris for Brussels, Belgium on
January 28, 1890 for two reasons:
–The cost of living in Paris has become so
exorbitant
–He could not resist the gay social life in
Paris.

7. • Jose Alberto – accompanied
Rizal when he transferred to
Brussels and stayed in a
boarding house on 38 Rue
Champagne managed by
Suzanne and Marie Jacoby
• Jose Alejandrino – an
engineering student stayed
with Rizal, when Alberto left
the city.

8. • A La Defensa (to the Defense)- Reply to an anti-Filipino writing
of Protacio de La Escurora, which Rizal Published on April 30,
1889
• La Verdad Para Todos (the truth for all)- written on May
21,1889. It is a defense against Spanish accusations that the
nature local officials mere ignorant and in mortal
• Vicente Barrantes Teatro Tagalog- published in June 15,1889.
It exposed Barrantis’ ignorance in the theatrical Arts in Tagalog.

9. • Una Profanacion ( A profanation)- published July 31,1889.
a bitter attack against the Friars for denying Christian burial to
Mariano Herbosa, Lucia’s husband and Rizal’s brother in law, who
died because of cholera.
• Verdades Nuevas (New truths)- July 31,1889
an answer to the letter published by Vicente Belloc Sanchez in La
Patria, alleging that the granting of reforms in Philippines the
peaceful and material rule of the friars.
• Crueldad ( Cruelty)-August 15, 1889.
to defend his friend Blumentritt from defamatory insulting attacks
of the latter’s enemy.

10. • Differencias ( Differences)- September 14, 1889
a reply on the attacks of the article entitled Old Truths,
published in La Patria, which ridiculed the Filipinos who
were then clamoring for reforms from Spanish
government.
• In Consequencias ( Inconsequence)- Nov. 30, 1889
defense of Antonio Luna against the attacks of Mr. Mir
Deas published in El Pueblo Soberano, a newspaper in
Barcelona.

11. • Llanto Y Risas ( Tears and Laughter's)- Nov. 30, 1889
denunciation of the racial prejudice of the Spanish
against the Filipinos.
• Ingratitudes (Ingratitude's)- January 15, 1890
response to what Gov. Gen. Weyler told the people of
Calamba that they should not be folded by empty
promises of their ungrateful sons.

12. • Rizal was informed by Juan Luna and Valentine Ventura that
many of his fellow Filipino expatriates in Madrid had become
too much preoccupied with gambling.
• Rizal responded by sending Marcelo H. del Pilar a letter dated
May 28, 1890 reminding his fellow Filipino that their mission in
Europe was to work for the freedom of the Philippines.
• The management of Dominican Hacienda continually raised
the land’s rent until such time that Rizal’s father refused to pay
his rent.
• His heart bled to know the sorrowful plight of the family.

13. • Rizal experienced a sleepless and restless nights
• His only wish is to finish his second novel El
Filibusterismo, before he finally bid this world
adios.
• Depressed and misfortune suffered by his family,
he planned to return to the Philippines
• Graciano Lopez Jaena planned to go to Cuba
• Rizal’s friend and compatriots were stunned and
horrified with his decision for he was already a
marked man for the Friars.

14. • He sought the assistance of Association Hispano-
Filipina and the Liberal news paper in Madrid to
ventilate the grievances experienced by his family
and the oppressed tenants in his home town
• Sought an audience with Senior Fabie, the Minister
of Colonies to air the injustices committed by
Governor-General Valeriano Weyler and the
Dominican friars against the powerless and poor
farmers of Calamba which proved to be futile.
• Blumentritt suggested to bring the case to the Queen
Regent of Spain

15. • Rizal write eulogy for JOMAPA, praising her for
his extraordinary talent intelligence and
industry and consider the latter demise as a
lost for the country
• Wenceslao Retana published numerous
articles in the anti-Filipino news paper in
Madrid, La Epoca.

16. • He received a letter from Leonor
Rivera in early part of December
1890 that made him shocked and
saddened so much for it informed
him that she is to marry an
Englishman, Henry Kipping that is
chosen for her by her mother.

17. • Rizal was the undisputed leader of the Filipino
expatriates in Europe
• He believe that to gain the respect of the
Spaniards and their Government, they ought to
demonstrate a high sense of dignity and be willing
to make sacrifices for their country
• January 1, 1891- meeting was held to settle the
differences between del Pilar and Rizal
• and bolster the campaign for reform.
• It was decided in the meeting that a leader called
“responsible or responsable”, be chosen to direct
the affairs of the Filipino Community and to
determine the editorial policy of La Solidaridad

18. • First week of February, 1891 that an
election took place
• Rizal’s abdication of leadership brings
to fore the question of who was a
better politician without ambition
• Del Pilar was a better politician than
Rizal ( Guerrero, 1998)

19. • February 1891Rizal arrived in Biarritz and he stayed
with Nelly Boustead.
• For him, Nelly was an epitome of real Filipina,
virtuous, highly intelligent and full of life. He won the
love and affection of Nelly. Unfortunately, that love
that blossomed between the two was not
consummated for two reasons.
1. Rizal did not give up his Catholic faith in exchange for
love of Nelly, who was a devout protestant
2. Rizal was not acceptable by Nellie’s mother. Cognizant
of financial status of Rizal and danger that he was
facing as an enemy of friars.
It was there that Rizal finished his second novel he
entitled El Filibusterismo

20. • March 30, 1891- Rizal left Biarritz and traveled to Paris
in train. He stayed at his friend Valentine Ventura.
Upon arriving in the city, he wrote letter for Jose
Maria Basa in Hong Kong and practice Ophthalmology
to support himself.
• From Paris, Rizal went to Brussel and was received by
Jacoby sisters. He met Petite Zuzanne, with whom he
had a love affair before. It was while when Rizal
informed the propagandist of his decision to retire
from te reform movement
• Without from the activities of propaganda, Rizal
concentrated his time and effort in completing his
novel El Filibusterismo
• May 30, 1891. Rizal’s sequel to Noli was ready to
publish
Paris
Brussels

21. • This poem was written by Rizal in
1890 as a result of his
disenchantment over the
lukewarm attitude of Filipino
expatriates in Spain working for
reforms from Spanish
government.

23. • After the publication of El Fili, Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong.
• His reasons for leaving Europe were:
Life was unbearable in Europe because of his political
indifferences with Marcelo H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in
Spain.
His desire to be with his family.
Before Proceeding to Hong Kong, Rizal took time to inform
Marcelo H. del Pilar of his retirement from the reform
movement to preserve the unity of his fellow Filipinos in Spain.

24. • Rizal left Europe via Marseilles, France October
18, 1891 on board on the steamer Melbourne;
• He was welcome by the Filipino residents
especially his friend Jose Ma. Basa.
• Established his office(clinic) at No. 5
Rednaxola Terrace in order to earn a living.
• At first he has few patients but because of the
referrals of Dr. Lorenzo Marquez, a Portuguese
ophthalmologist in Hong Kong he was able to
earn numerous clients.
Dr. Lorenzo Marquez

25. • He received news from his brother-in-law Manuel Hidalgo that
Don Francisco, Neneng, Sisa and Paciano and other
Calambeños were rusticated.
• Before Christmas of 1891, Rizal was overjoyed by the arrival of
his father, brother, Silvestre Ubaldo, and later on by Lucia,
Josefa, and Trinidad, in Hong Kong. Don Francisco and the rest
of his family were very happy to see Rizal.
• Rizal’s medical practice in Hongkong came to the attention of
his friends in Europe. Letters started pouring to Rizal from
Spain.

26. • Lorenzo Miclat congratulated Rizal for starting anew and
pledge in all his undertaking.
• Jose Alejandrino informed him of his plan to establish an
organization to counter-act Del Pilar’s lamentable policy.
• Linares Rivas promised Rizal that he would seek an audience
with the Minister of Colonies in Madrid on the Agrarian
problem of Calamba.
• He also received letters of sympathy from the Govantes and
Boustead families, for what had happened to him in Madrid.

27. • The numerous correspondences from Europe that Rizal received
while he was in Hong Kong affected Rizal in three ways:
• His frequent receipt of letters from fellow expatriates based in
Europe restored Rizal’s self-confidence.
Rizal re-awakened his interest in the politics.
• In effect, this had led him to re-examine his whole political
strategy.
• The need to re-examine his political strategy could have been due
to the radical ideas propounded by Luna and Evangelista of a need
for a separatist propaganda and a policy of separation and
independence. This strategy as suggested by Luna and Evangelista
was patterned after that of the Cuban strategy.

28. • According to Evangelista, the old corrupt generation of principales had to
be rejected.
• For Luna, a separatist movement under the guise of assimilation has to be
started. Thus , in Rizal’s letter to Blumentritt, he said that he had lost his
hope in Spain and La Solidaridad. He thus, came to realization that nothing
can be expected from the peaceful advocacy of reforms.
• Blumentritt warned Rizal not to be involved in a revolutionary movement
for “whoever begins a revolution should have at least the probability of
success.” Nonetheless Blumentritt cited four conditions necessary for a
revolution to succeed:
1. A part of the army and the navy should rebel.
2. The metropolis should be at war with another country.
3. There were money and munitions: and
4. Some foreign country was to lend official or secret support to the
insurrection.

29. • Rizal conceived the establishment of a
Filipino colony in North Borneo (Sabah)
• He planned to move those Filipino
families to that British-owned island
and carve out of its virgin wilderness a
“New Calamba.”
• March 7, 1892 – he went to Sandakan
on board the ship Menon to negotiate
with the British authorities for the
establishment of a Filipino colony.

30. • His mission was a success as the British
authorities offered him 100,000 acres
of land free of charges for 99 years.
Jaena, Luna, Bautista , Blumentritt and
his other friends Europe were delighted
upon hearing the plan and expressed
their support to the endeavor but
Manuel Hidalgo was not in favor of this
project.

31. • While Rizal was busy making preparations for the relocation of
his family to North Borneo Governor Eulogio Despujol replaced
Governor Valeriano Weyler.
• Governor Despujol rejected the request of Rizal to move to
Borneo for two reasons:
the colony lacked workers
and leaving the country and cultivating a foreign soil would
mean becoming unpatriotic to Spain

32. • As a consequence of the re-awakening of his interest in politics,
Rizal continued writing articles, which were published by Hong
Kong Telegraph edited by Frazier Smith. Some of the articles he
while in Hong Kong included the following:
1. Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao – This was Rizal’s version of the
Rights of Man, a historic document proclaimed by the French
Revolution of 1789.
2. A La Nacion Española (To The Spanish Nation) – This article was
Rizal’s appeal to Spain to rectify the wrongs done to the landless
peasants of Calamba.
3. Sa Mga Kababayan (To My Countrymen) – This article was Rizal’s
exposition on the Calamba agrarian problem.

33. • Rizal drafted the constitution of the La Liga Filipina, with the
assistance of Jose Ma. Basa. The La Liga sought to achieve the
following aims:
1. The unification of the whole archipelago into a vigorous, compact
body
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity
3. Defense against all forms of violence and injustice
4. Stimulation of instruction, agriculture, and commerce, and
5. The undertaking of study and application of reforms.
Its motto was Unus Instar Omnium or One Like All.

34. • Rizal decided to go back to the Philippines due to Despujol’s
rejection of his project.
• Rizal was determined to go back in the Philippines even his family
and friends were vehemently opposing him.
• Before leaving Hong Kong he celebrated his 31st birthday with some
of his friends and wrote two letters. The 1st letter was addressed to
his family and the 2nd to his countrymen, with the instruction that
these letters should only be opened and published after his death.
1st – To My parents, Brethren, and Friends
2nd – To The Filipinos

35. • Rizal and his sister arrived in Manila on June 26, 1892. After going
through the routinely inspection of their luggage, the two were
allowed to land. Lucia stayed with her sisters, while Rizal lodged
himself at Hotel Oriente in Binondo. After settling in the said hotel,
Rizal visited his sisters who were residing near it.
• Soon, he sought an audience with Governor Despujol in
Malacañang. The interviews that he had with Despujol, resulted to
the securing of permission for the return of his parents and sisters
to Manila. Despujol, however, reiterated his disapproval of Rizal’s
North Borneo Colonization Project.

36. • From Manila, Rizal proceeded to Bulacan to visit his friends – Jose Bautista,
Manuel Crisostomo, and Vicente Gatmaitan informing them the details of
organizing La Liga Filipina. He further travelled to San Fernando, Pampanga
to visit Hilario Tiburcio and Cecilio Hilario who were very active members
of the revolutionary movement.
• Further went to Tarlac where he met Villafuertes, Punos, and Tañedos who
were convinced that La Liga will be organized. Upon returning to Manila, in
July 3, 1892 he founded La Liga Filipina in Calle Ilaya, Tondo at the house
of Doroteo Ongjungco and Ambrosio Salvador was elected president.
Other members of the league were: Agustin de la Rosa, fiscal; Bonifacio
Arrevalo, Treasurer; and Deodato Arellano, secretary. Noted members
were Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio, Dedato Arellano, Timoteo Paez,
Numeriano Adriano, Tomas del Rosario and Jose M. Dizon.

37. • Three days after the founding of La Liga, Rizal was
asked by the Governor-General who was the
owner of the pillows and the mats on his luggage
as there were found questionable handbills in
them.
• Rizal answered that it belonged to his sister
Lucia, thus Despujol ordered his aide-de-camp to
arrest and incarcerate Rizal at Fort Santiago

38. • On July 7, 1892, Despujol released a Gubernatorial decree ordering for
the deportation of Rizal at Dapitan. The following charges were:
– publication and introduction of various anti-monastic books and
handbills;
– travelling to different province without the permit to the Governor-
General;
– finding on his luggage a pamphlet Pobres Frailes or Poor Friars which
mocked religious orders;
– dedication of El Fili to Gomburza; and Rizal’s attempt at de-Catholicizing
and denationalizing the Filipinos.
• The verdict of Despujol was done without due process. Thus, Rizal was
detained in Fort Santiago for 9 days and was sailed to Dapitan on July 15,
1892.