TV Globo is a Brazilian television network that is one of the largest producers of telenovelas, or soap operas in limited miniseries format, in the world. It began exporting telenovelas internationally in 1975 and by 1999 its programs were being exported to 130 countries. Telenovelas typically run for 120 episodes over 6 months to a year, unlike English soap operas which can continue indefinitely. The Middle East Broadcasting Centre is a Saudi-run company that launched in 1991 to broadcast Arabic news and entertainment to Arab populations living abroad. It aimed to shape a pan-Arab identity. Al-Jazeera is an Arabic news network that launched in 1996 and reached 50 million viewers, undermining the dominance of